Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India

Abstract Accelerating growth due to industrialization and urbanization has improved the Indian economy but simultaneously has deteriorated human health, environment, and ecosystem. In the present study, the associated health risk mortality (age > 25) and welfare loss for the year 2017 due to exce...

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Autores principales:	Moorthy Nair, Hemant Bherwani, Shahid Mirza, Saima Anjum, Rakesh Kumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d98d39c31de8463984f931ae787f51b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d98d39c31de8463984f931ae787f51b82021-12-05T12:11:25ZValuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India10.1038/s41598-021-02232-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d98d39c31de8463984f931ae787f51b82021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02232-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Accelerating growth due to industrialization and urbanization has improved the Indian economy but simultaneously has deteriorated human health, environment, and ecosystem. In the present study, the associated health risk mortality (age > 25) and welfare loss for the year 2017 due to excess PM2.5 concentration in ambient air for 31 major million-plus non-attainment cities (NACs) in India is assessed. The cities for the assessment are prioritised based on population and are classified as ‘X’ (> 5 million population) and ‘Y’ (1–5 million population) class cities. Ground-level PM2.5 concentration retrieved from air quality monitoring stations for the NACs ranged from 33 to 194 µg/m3. Total PM2.5 attributable premature mortality cases estimated using global exposure mortality model was 80,447 [95% CI 70,094–89,581]. Ischemic health disease was the leading cause of death accounting for 47% of total mortality, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-17%), stroke (14.7%), lower respiratory infection (LRI-9.9%) and lung cancer (LC-1.9%). 9.3% of total mortality is due to other non-communicable diseases (NCD-others). 7.3–18.4% of total premature mortality for the NACs is attributed to excess PM2.5 exposure. The total economic loss of 90,185.6 [95% CI 88,016.4–92,411] million US$ (as of 2017) was assessed due to PM2.5 mortality using the value of statistical life approach. The highest mortality (economic burden) share of 61.3% (72.7%) and 30.1% (42.7%) was reported for ‘X’ class cities and North India zone respectively. Compared to the base year 2017, an improvement of 1.01% and 0.7% is observed in premature mortality and economic loss respectively for the year 2024 as a result of policy intervention through National Clean Air Action Programme. The improvement among 31 NACs was found inconsistent, which may be due to a uniform targeted policy, which neglects other socio-economic factors such as population, the standard of living, etc. The study highlights the need for these parameters to be incorporated in the action plans to bring in a tailored solution for each NACs for better applicability and improved results of the programme facilitating solutions for the complex problem of air pollution in India.Moorthy NairHemant BherwaniShahid MirzaSaima AnjumRakesh KumarNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Moorthy Nair Hemant Bherwani Shahid Mirza Saima Anjum Rakesh Kumar Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
description	Abstract Accelerating growth due to industrialization and urbanization has improved the Indian economy but simultaneously has deteriorated human health, environment, and ecosystem. In the present study, the associated health risk mortality (age > 25) and welfare loss for the year 2017 due to excess PM2.5 concentration in ambient air for 31 major million-plus non-attainment cities (NACs) in India is assessed. The cities for the assessment are prioritised based on population and are classified as ‘X’ (> 5 million population) and ‘Y’ (1–5 million population) class cities. Ground-level PM2.5 concentration retrieved from air quality monitoring stations for the NACs ranged from 33 to 194 µg/m3. Total PM2.5 attributable premature mortality cases estimated using global exposure mortality model was 80,447 [95% CI 70,094–89,581]. Ischemic health disease was the leading cause of death accounting for 47% of total mortality, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-17%), stroke (14.7%), lower respiratory infection (LRI-9.9%) and lung cancer (LC-1.9%). 9.3% of total mortality is due to other non-communicable diseases (NCD-others). 7.3–18.4% of total premature mortality for the NACs is attributed to excess PM2.5 exposure. The total economic loss of 90,185.6 [95% CI 88,016.4–92,411] million US$ (as of 2017) was assessed due to PM2.5 mortality using the value of statistical life approach. The highest mortality (economic burden) share of 61.3% (72.7%) and 30.1% (42.7%) was reported for ‘X’ class cities and North India zone respectively. Compared to the base year 2017, an improvement of 1.01% and 0.7% is observed in premature mortality and economic loss respectively for the year 2024 as a result of policy intervention through National Clean Air Action Programme. The improvement among 31 NACs was found inconsistent, which may be due to a uniform targeted policy, which neglects other socio-economic factors such as population, the standard of living, etc. The study highlights the need for these parameters to be incorporated in the action plans to bring in a tailored solution for each NACs for better applicability and improved results of the programme facilitating solutions for the complex problem of air pollution in India.
format	article
author	Moorthy Nair Hemant Bherwani Shahid Mirza Saima Anjum Rakesh Kumar
author_facet	Moorthy Nair Hemant Bherwani Shahid Mirza Saima Anjum Rakesh Kumar
author_sort	Moorthy Nair
title	Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
title_short	Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
title_full	Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
title_fullStr	Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
title_full_unstemmed	Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
title_sort	valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of india
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d98d39c31de8463984f931ae787f51b8
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Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India

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