Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes

The thermal and radiation stability of free-standing ceramic nanoparticles that are under consideration as potential fillers for the improved thermal and radiation stability of polymeric matrices were investigated by a set of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. A series of lanthanide-dop...

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Autores principales:	Kory Burns, Paris C. Reuel, Fernando Guerrero, Eric Lang, Ping Lu, Assel Aitkaliyeva, Khalid Hattar, Timothy J. Boyle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nanoparticles in situ TEM ion irradiation thermal annealing ceria Crystallography QD901-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d99defadcef54a1e8f52223f87f3b46a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d99defadcef54a1e8f52223f87f3b46a2021-11-25T17:18:59ZThermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes10.3390/cryst111113692073-4352https://doaj.org/article/d99defadcef54a1e8f52223f87f3b46a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/11/1369https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4352The thermal and radiation stability of free-standing ceramic nanoparticles that are under consideration as potential fillers for the improved thermal and radiation stability of polymeric matrices were investigated by a set of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. A series of lanthanide-doped ceria (Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i>; Ln = Nd, Er, Eu, Lu) nanocubes/nanoparticles was characterized as synthesized prior to inclusion into the polymers. The Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> were synthesized from different solution precipitation (oleylamine (ON), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and solvothermal (<i>t</i>-butylamine (TBA)) routes. The dopants were selected to explore the impact that the cation has on the final properties of the resultant nanoparticles. The baseline CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and the subsequent Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> particles were isolated as: (i) ON-Ce (not applicable), Nd (34.2 nm), Er (27.8 nm), Eu (42.4 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); (ii) HMTA-Ce (5.8 nm), Nd (6.6 nm), Er (370.0 nm), Eu (340.6 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); and (iii) TBA-Ce (4.1 nm), Nd (5.0 nm), Er (3.8 nm), Eu (7.3 nm), and Lu (3.8 nm). The resulting Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> nanomaterials were characterized using a variety of analytical tools, including: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), TEM with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for nanoscale elemental mapping. From these samples, the Eu:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> (ON, HMTA, and TBA) series were selected for stability studies due to the uniformity of the nanocubes. Through the focus on the nanoparticle properties, the thermal and radiation stability of these nanocubes were determined through in situ TEM heating and ex situ TEM irradiation. These results were coupled with data analysis to calculate the changes in size and aerial density. The particles were generally found to exhibit strong thermal stability but underwent amorphization as a result of heavy ion irradiation at high fluences.Kory BurnsParis C. ReuelFernando GuerreroEric LangPing LuAssel AitkaliyevaKhalid HattarTimothy J. BoyleMDPI AGarticlenanoparticlesin situ TEMion irradiationthermal annealingceriaCrystallographyQD901-999ENCrystals, Vol 11, Iss 1369, p 1369 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanoparticles in situ TEM ion irradiation thermal annealing ceria Crystallography QD901-999
spellingShingle	nanoparticles in situ TEM ion irradiation thermal annealing ceria Crystallography QD901-999 Kory Burns Paris C. Reuel Fernando Guerrero Eric Lang Ping Lu Assel Aitkaliyeva Khalid Hattar Timothy J. Boyle Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
description	The thermal and radiation stability of free-standing ceramic nanoparticles that are under consideration as potential fillers for the improved thermal and radiation stability of polymeric matrices were investigated by a set of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. A series of lanthanide-doped ceria (Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i>; Ln = Nd, Er, Eu, Lu) nanocubes/nanoparticles was characterized as synthesized prior to inclusion into the polymers. The Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> were synthesized from different solution precipitation (oleylamine (ON), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and solvothermal (<i>t</i>-butylamine (TBA)) routes. The dopants were selected to explore the impact that the cation has on the final properties of the resultant nanoparticles. The baseline CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and the subsequent Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> particles were isolated as: (i) ON-Ce (not applicable), Nd (34.2 nm), Er (27.8 nm), Eu (42.4 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); (ii) HMTA-Ce (5.8 nm), Nd (6.6 nm), Er (370.0 nm), Eu (340.6 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); and (iii) TBA-Ce (4.1 nm), Nd (5.0 nm), Er (3.8 nm), Eu (7.3 nm), and Lu (3.8 nm). The resulting Ln:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> nanomaterials were characterized using a variety of analytical tools, including: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), TEM with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for nanoscale elemental mapping. From these samples, the Eu:CeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> (ON, HMTA, and TBA) series were selected for stability studies due to the uniformity of the nanocubes. Through the focus on the nanoparticle properties, the thermal and radiation stability of these nanocubes were determined through in situ TEM heating and ex situ TEM irradiation. These results were coupled with data analysis to calculate the changes in size and aerial density. The particles were generally found to exhibit strong thermal stability but underwent amorphization as a result of heavy ion irradiation at high fluences.
format	article
author	Kory Burns Paris C. Reuel Fernando Guerrero Eric Lang Ping Lu Assel Aitkaliyeva Khalid Hattar Timothy J. Boyle
author_facet	Kory Burns Paris C. Reuel Fernando Guerrero Eric Lang Ping Lu Assel Aitkaliyeva Khalid Hattar Timothy J. Boyle
author_sort	Kory Burns
title	Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
title_short	Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
title_full	Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
title_fullStr	Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
title_full_unstemmed	Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes
title_sort	thermal stability and radiation tolerance of lanthanide-doped cerium oxide nanocubes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d99defadcef54a1e8f52223f87f3b46a
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Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes

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