Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes

The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microsc...

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Autores principales:	Ivana O. Mladenović, Jelena S. Lamovec, Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović, Rastko Vasilić, Vesna J. Radojević, Nebojša D. Nikolić
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrodeposition copper hardness SEM AFM XRD Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a62021-11-25T18:22:06ZImplementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes10.3390/met111118072075-4701https://doaj.org/article/d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1807https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C–L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings.Ivana O. MladenovićJelena S. LamovecDana G. Vasiljević-RadovićRastko VasilićVesna J. RadojevićNebojša D. NikolićMDPI AGarticleelectrodepositioncopperhardnessSEMAFMXRDMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1807, p 1807 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrodeposition copper hardness SEM AFM XRD Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	electrodeposition copper hardness SEM AFM XRD Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
description	The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C–L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings.
format	article
author	Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić
author_facet	Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić
author_sort	Ivana O. Mladenović
title	Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
title_short	Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
title_full	Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
title_fullStr	Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
title_full_unstemmed	Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
title_sort	implementation of the chicot–lesage composite hardness model in a determination of absolute hardness of copper coatings obtained by the electrodeposition processes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a6
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Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes

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