Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by diff...

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Autores principales:	Giuliana Muzio, Giuseppina Barrera, Stefania Pizzimenti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) oxidative stress cancer inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d9fe0fc36712400db64a448ff7e08732
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d9fe0fc36712400db64a448ff7e087322021-11-25T16:27:26ZPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer10.3390/antiox101117342076-3921https://doaj.org/article/d9fe0fc36712400db64a448ff7e087322021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1734https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.Giuliana MuzioGiuseppina BarreraStefania PizzimentiMDPI AGarticleperoxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)oxidative stresscancerinflammationTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1734, p 1734 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) oxidative stress cancer inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) oxidative stress cancer inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Giuliana Muzio Giuseppina Barrera Stefania Pizzimenti Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
description	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
format	article
author	Giuliana Muzio Giuseppina Barrera Stefania Pizzimenti
author_facet	Giuliana Muzio Giuseppina Barrera Stefania Pizzimenti
author_sort	Giuliana Muzio
title	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
title_short	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
title_full	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
title_fullStr	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer
title_sort	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars) and oxidative stress in physiological conditions and in cancer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d9fe0fc36712400db64a448ff7e08732
work_keys_str_mv	AT giulianamuzio peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorspparsandoxidativestressinphysiologicalconditionsandincancer AT giuseppinabarrera peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorspparsandoxidativestressinphysiologicalconditionsandincancer AT stefaniapizzimenti peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorspparsandoxidativestressinphysiologicalconditionsandincancer
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer

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