Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran

Mapping and monitoring the spatio-temporal variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) and thermal comfort of metropolitan areas are vital to obtaining the necessary information about the environmental conditions and promoting sustainable cities. As the most populated city of Iran, Tehran has...

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Autores principales:	Faezeh Najafzadeh, Ali Mohammadzadeh, Arsalan Ghorbanian, Sadegh Jamali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) thermal comfort UTFVI Landsat imagery air pollution remote sensing Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da0131e0c4264265b70c8e9cdf5fc940
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da0131e0c4264265b70c8e9cdf5fc9402021-11-11T18:58:21ZSpatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran10.3390/rs132144692072-4292https://doaj.org/article/da0131e0c4264265b70c8e9cdf5fc9402021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4469https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Mapping and monitoring the spatio-temporal variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) and thermal comfort of metropolitan areas are vital to obtaining the necessary information about the environmental conditions and promoting sustainable cities. As the most populated city of Iran, Tehran has experienced considerable population growth and Land Cover/Land Use (LULC) changes in the last decades, which resulted in several adverse environmental issues. In this study, 68 Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images, collected from the Google Earth Engine (GEE), were employed to map and monitor the spatio-temporal variations of LULC, SUHI, and thermal comfort of Tehran between 1989 and 2019. In this regard, planar fitting and Gaussian Surface Model (GSM) approaches were employed to map SUHIs and derive the relevant statistical values. Likewise, the thermal comfort of the city was investigated by the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). The results indicated that the SUHI intensities have generally increased throughout the city by an average value of about 2.02 °C in the past three decades. The most common reasons for this unfavorable increase were the loss of vegetation cover (i.e., 34.72%) and massive urban expansions (i.e., 53.33%). Additionally, the intra-annual investigations in 2019 revealed that summer and winter, with respectively 8.28 °C and 4.37 °C, had the highest and lowest SUHI magnitudes. Furthermore, the decadal UTFVI maps revealed notable thermal comfort degradation of Tehran, by which in 2019, approximately 52.35% of the city was identified as the region with the worst environmental condition, of which 59.94% was related to human residents. Additionally, the relationships between various air pollutants and SUHI intensities were appraised, suggesting positive relationships (i.e., ranging between 0.23 and 0.43) that can be used for establishing possible two-way mitigations strategies. This study provided analyses of spatio-temporal monitoring of SUHI and UTFVI throughout Tehran that urban managers and policymakers can consider for adaption and sustainable development.Faezeh NajafzadehAli MohammadzadehArsalan GhorbanianSadegh JamaliMDPI AGarticleSurface Urban Heat Island (SUHI)thermal comfortUTFVILandsat imageryair pollutionremote sensingScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4469, p 4469 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) thermal comfort UTFVI Landsat imagery air pollution remote sensing Science Q
spellingShingle	Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) thermal comfort UTFVI Landsat imagery air pollution remote sensing Science Q Faezeh Najafzadeh Ali Mohammadzadeh Arsalan Ghorbanian Sadegh Jamali Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
description	Mapping and monitoring the spatio-temporal variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) and thermal comfort of metropolitan areas are vital to obtaining the necessary information about the environmental conditions and promoting sustainable cities. As the most populated city of Iran, Tehran has experienced considerable population growth and Land Cover/Land Use (LULC) changes in the last decades, which resulted in several adverse environmental issues. In this study, 68 Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images, collected from the Google Earth Engine (GEE), were employed to map and monitor the spatio-temporal variations of LULC, SUHI, and thermal comfort of Tehran between 1989 and 2019. In this regard, planar fitting and Gaussian Surface Model (GSM) approaches were employed to map SUHIs and derive the relevant statistical values. Likewise, the thermal comfort of the city was investigated by the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). The results indicated that the SUHI intensities have generally increased throughout the city by an average value of about 2.02 °C in the past three decades. The most common reasons for this unfavorable increase were the loss of vegetation cover (i.e., 34.72%) and massive urban expansions (i.e., 53.33%). Additionally, the intra-annual investigations in 2019 revealed that summer and winter, with respectively 8.28 °C and 4.37 °C, had the highest and lowest SUHI magnitudes. Furthermore, the decadal UTFVI maps revealed notable thermal comfort degradation of Tehran, by which in 2019, approximately 52.35% of the city was identified as the region with the worst environmental condition, of which 59.94% was related to human residents. Additionally, the relationships between various air pollutants and SUHI intensities were appraised, suggesting positive relationships (i.e., ranging between 0.23 and 0.43) that can be used for establishing possible two-way mitigations strategies. This study provided analyses of spatio-temporal monitoring of SUHI and UTFVI throughout Tehran that urban managers and policymakers can consider for adaption and sustainable development.
format	article
author	Faezeh Najafzadeh Ali Mohammadzadeh Arsalan Ghorbanian Sadegh Jamali
author_facet	Faezeh Najafzadeh Ali Mohammadzadeh Arsalan Ghorbanian Sadegh Jamali
author_sort	Faezeh Najafzadeh
title	Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
title_short	Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
title_full	Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
title_fullStr	Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran
title_sort	spatial and temporal analysis of surface urban heat island and thermal comfort using landsat satellite images between 1989 and 2019: a case study in tehran
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/da0131e0c4264265b70c8e9cdf5fc940
work_keys_str_mv	AT faezehnajafzadeh spatialandtemporalanalysisofsurfaceurbanheatislandandthermalcomfortusinglandsatsatelliteimagesbetween1989and2019acasestudyintehran AT alimohammadzadeh spatialandtemporalanalysisofsurfaceurbanheatislandandthermalcomfortusinglandsatsatelliteimagesbetween1989and2019acasestudyintehran AT arsalanghorbanian spatialandtemporalanalysisofsurfaceurbanheatislandandthermalcomfortusinglandsatsatelliteimagesbetween1989and2019acasestudyintehran AT sadeghjamali spatialandtemporalanalysisofsurfaceurbanheatislandandthermalcomfortusinglandsatsatelliteimagesbetween1989and2019acasestudyintehran
_version_	1718431674678640640

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort Using Landsat Satellite Images between 1989 and 2019: A Case Study in Tehran

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