Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>

ABSTRACT Environmental exposure has a significant impact on human health. While some airborne fungi can cause life-threatening infections, the impact of environment on fungal spore dispersal and transmission is poorly understood. The democratization of shotgun metagenomics allows us to explore impor...

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Autores principales:	Ousmane H. Cissé, Liang Ma, Chao Jiang, Michael Snyder, Joseph A. Kovacs
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	airborne microorganisms epidemiology host-parasite relationship metagenomics opportunistic fungi Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da0829b7a1524354a2397abf9e69ef7d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da0829b7a1524354a2397abf9e69ef7d2021-11-15T15:57:01ZHumans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>10.1128/mBio.03138-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/da0829b7a1524354a2397abf9e69ef7d2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.03138-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Environmental exposure has a significant impact on human health. While some airborne fungi can cause life-threatening infections, the impact of environment on fungal spore dispersal and transmission is poorly understood. The democratization of shotgun metagenomics allows us to explore important questions about fungal propagation. We focus on Pneumocystis, a genus of host-specific fungi that infect mammals via airborne particles. In humans, Pneumocystis jirovecii causes lethal infections in immunocompromised patients if untreated, although its environmental reservoir and transmission route remain unclear. Here, we attempt to clarify, by analyzing human exposome metagenomic data sets, whether humans are exposed to different Pneumocystis species present in the air but only P. jirovecii cells are able to replicate or whether they are selectively exposed to P. jirovecii. Our analysis supports the latter hypothesis, which is consistent with a local transmission model. These data also suggest that healthy carriers are a major driver for the transmission.Ousmane H. CisséLiang MaChao JiangMichael SnyderJoseph A. KovacsAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleairborne microorganismsepidemiologyhost-parasite relationshipmetagenomicsopportunistic fungiMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	airborne microorganisms epidemiology host-parasite relationship metagenomics opportunistic fungi Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	airborne microorganisms epidemiology host-parasite relationship metagenomics opportunistic fungi Microbiology QR1-502 Ousmane H. Cissé Liang Ma Chao Jiang Michael Snyder Joseph A. Kovacs Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Environmental exposure has a significant impact on human health. While some airborne fungi can cause life-threatening infections, the impact of environment on fungal spore dispersal and transmission is poorly understood. The democratization of shotgun metagenomics allows us to explore important questions about fungal propagation. We focus on Pneumocystis, a genus of host-specific fungi that infect mammals via airborne particles. In humans, Pneumocystis jirovecii causes lethal infections in immunocompromised patients if untreated, although its environmental reservoir and transmission route remain unclear. Here, we attempt to clarify, by analyzing human exposome metagenomic data sets, whether humans are exposed to different Pneumocystis species present in the air but only P. jirovecii cells are able to replicate or whether they are selectively exposed to P. jirovecii. Our analysis supports the latter hypothesis, which is consistent with a local transmission model. These data also suggest that healthy carriers are a major driver for the transmission.
format	article
author	Ousmane H. Cissé Liang Ma Chao Jiang Michael Snyder Joseph A. Kovacs
author_facet	Ousmane H. Cissé Liang Ma Chao Jiang Michael Snyder Joseph A. Kovacs
author_sort	Ousmane H. Cissé
title	Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
title_short	Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
title_full	Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
title_fullStr	Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
title_sort	humans are selectively exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/da0829b7a1524354a2397abf9e69ef7d
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Humans Are Selectively Exposed to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pneumocystis jirovecii</named-content>

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