<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development

ABSTRACT UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the main product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, is an important metabolite in protozoan parasites since its sugar moiety is incorporated into glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipids and N- and O-linked glycans. Apicomplexan parasites hav...

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Autores principales:	Jordi Chi, Marta Cova, Matilde de las Rivas, Ana Medina, Rafael Junqueira Borges, Pablo Leivar, Antoni Planas, Isabel Usón, Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero, Luis Izquierdo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	malaria metabolism Plasmodium falciparum UDP-N-acetylglucosamine aminosugar pathway apicomplexan parasites Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da2c32c5b5074e7db65d426fcd77c42a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da2c32c5b5074e7db65d426fcd77c42a2021-11-15T16:19:08Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development10.1128/mBio.02045-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/da2c32c5b5074e7db65d426fcd77c42a2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02045-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the main product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, is an important metabolite in protozoan parasites since its sugar moiety is incorporated into glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipids and N- and O-linked glycans. Apicomplexan parasites have a hexosamine pathway comparable to other eukaryotic organisms, with the exception of the glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1) enzymatic step that has an independent evolutionary origin and significant differences from nonapicomplexan GNA1s. By using conditional genetic engineering, we demonstrate the requirement of GNA1 for the generation of a pool of UDP-GlcNAc and for the development of intraerythrocytic asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Furthermore, we present the 1.95 Å resolution structure of the GNA1 ortholog from Cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan parasite which is a leading cause of diarrhea in developing countries, as a surrogate for P. falciparum GNA1. The in-depth analysis of the crystal shows the presence of specific residues relevant for GNA1 enzymatic activity that are further investigated by the creation of site-specific mutants. The experiments reveal distinct features in apicomplexan GNA1 enzymes that could be exploitable for the generation of selective inhibitors against these parasites, by targeting the hexosamine pathway. This work underscores the potential of apicomplexan GNA1 as a drug target against malaria. IMPORTANCE Apicomplexan parasites cause a major burden on global health and economy. The absence of treatments, the emergence of resistances against available therapies, and the parasite’s ability to manipulate host cells and evade immune systems highlight the urgent need to characterize new drug targets to treat infections caused by these parasites. We demonstrate that glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1), required for the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is essential for P. falciparum asexual blood stage development and that the disruption of the gene encoding this enzyme quickly causes the death of the parasite within a life cycle. The high-resolution crystal structure of the GNA1 ortholog from the apicomplexan parasite C. parvum, used here as a surrogate, highlights significant differences from human GNA1. These divergences can be exploited for the design of specific inhibitors against the malaria parasite.Jordi ChiMarta CovaMatilde de las RivasAna MedinaRafael Junqueira BorgesPablo LeivarAntoni PlanasIsabel UsónRamón Hurtado-GuerreroLuis IzquierdoAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlemalariametabolismPlasmodium falciparumUDP-N-acetylglucosamineaminosugar pathwayapicomplexan parasitesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria metabolism Plasmodium falciparum UDP-N-acetylglucosamine aminosugar pathway apicomplexan parasites Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	malaria metabolism Plasmodium falciparum UDP-N-acetylglucosamine aminosugar pathway apicomplexan parasites Microbiology QR1-502 Jordi Chi Marta Cova Matilde de las Rivas Ana Medina Rafael Junqueira Borges Pablo Leivar Antoni Planas Isabel Usón Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero Luis Izquierdo <named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
description	ABSTRACT UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the main product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, is an important metabolite in protozoan parasites since its sugar moiety is incorporated into glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipids and N- and O-linked glycans. Apicomplexan parasites have a hexosamine pathway comparable to other eukaryotic organisms, with the exception of the glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1) enzymatic step that has an independent evolutionary origin and significant differences from nonapicomplexan GNA1s. By using conditional genetic engineering, we demonstrate the requirement of GNA1 for the generation of a pool of UDP-GlcNAc and for the development of intraerythrocytic asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Furthermore, we present the 1.95 Å resolution structure of the GNA1 ortholog from Cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan parasite which is a leading cause of diarrhea in developing countries, as a surrogate for P. falciparum GNA1. The in-depth analysis of the crystal shows the presence of specific residues relevant for GNA1 enzymatic activity that are further investigated by the creation of site-specific mutants. The experiments reveal distinct features in apicomplexan GNA1 enzymes that could be exploitable for the generation of selective inhibitors against these parasites, by targeting the hexosamine pathway. This work underscores the potential of apicomplexan GNA1 as a drug target against malaria. IMPORTANCE Apicomplexan parasites cause a major burden on global health and economy. The absence of treatments, the emergence of resistances against available therapies, and the parasite’s ability to manipulate host cells and evade immune systems highlight the urgent need to characterize new drug targets to treat infections caused by these parasites. We demonstrate that glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1), required for the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is essential for P. falciparum asexual blood stage development and that the disruption of the gene encoding this enzyme quickly causes the death of the parasite within a life cycle. The high-resolution crystal structure of the GNA1 ortholog from the apicomplexan parasite C. parvum, used here as a surrogate, highlights significant differences from human GNA1. These divergences can be exploited for the design of specific inhibitors against the malaria parasite.
format	article
author	Jordi Chi Marta Cova Matilde de las Rivas Ana Medina Rafael Junqueira Borges Pablo Leivar Antoni Planas Isabel Usón Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero Luis Izquierdo
author_facet	Jordi Chi Marta Cova Matilde de las Rivas Ana Medina Rafael Junqueira Borges Pablo Leivar Antoni Planas Isabel Usón Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero Luis Izquierdo
author_sort	Jordi Chi
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">plasmodium falciparum</named-content> apicomplexan-specific glucosamine-6-phosphate <italic toggle="yes">n</italic>-acetyltransferase is key for amino sugar metabolism and asexual blood stage development
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/da2c32c5b5074e7db65d426fcd77c42a
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium falciparum</named-content> Apicomplexan-Specific Glucosamine-6-Phosphate <italic toggle="yes">N</italic>-Acetyltransferase Is Key for Amino Sugar Metabolism and Asexual Blood Stage Development

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