Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi

Abstract Flowers can be transmission platforms for parasites that impact bee health, yet bees share floral resources with other pollinator taxa, such as flies, that may be hosts or non-host vectors (i.e., mechanical vectors) of parasites. Here, we assessed whether the fecal-orally transmitted gut pa...

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Autores principales:	Abby E. Davis, Kaitlin R. Deutsch, Alondra M. Torres, Mesly J. Mata Loya, Lauren V. Cody, Emma Harte, David Sossa, Paige A. Muñiz, Wee Hao Ng, Scott H. McArt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da4c322bf759454ba5157db9bff954c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da4c322bf759454ba5157db9bff954c82021-12-02T17:06:09ZEristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi10.1038/s41598-021-95323-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/da4c322bf759454ba5157db9bff954c82021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95323-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Flowers can be transmission platforms for parasites that impact bee health, yet bees share floral resources with other pollinator taxa, such as flies, that may be hosts or non-host vectors (i.e., mechanical vectors) of parasites. Here, we assessed whether the fecal-orally transmitted gut parasite of bees, Crithidia bombi, can infect Eristalis tenax flower flies. We also investigated the potential for two confirmed solitary bee hosts of C. bombi, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata, as well as two flower fly species, Eristalis arbustorum and E. tenax, to transmit the parasite at flowers. We found that C. bombi did not replicate (i.e., cause an active infection) in E. tenax flies. However, 93% of inoculated flies defecated live C. bombi in their first fecal event, and all contaminated fecal events contained C. bombi at concentrations sufficient to infect bumble bees. Flies and bees defecated inside the corolla (flower) more frequently than other plant locations, and flies defecated at volumes comparable to or greater than bees. Our results demonstrate that Eristalis flower flies are not hosts of C. bombi, but they may be mechanical vectors of this parasite at flowers. Thus, flower flies may amplify or dilute C. bombi in bee communities, though current theoretical work suggests that unless present in large populations, the effects of mechanical vectors will be smaller than hosts.Abby E. DavisKaitlin R. DeutschAlondra M. TorresMesly J. Mata LoyaLauren V. CodyEmma HarteDavid SossaPaige A. MuñizWee Hao NgScott H. McArtNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Abby E. Davis Kaitlin R. Deutsch Alondra M. Torres Mesly J. Mata Loya Lauren V. Cody Emma Harte David Sossa Paige A. Muñiz Wee Hao Ng Scott H. McArt Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
description	Abstract Flowers can be transmission platforms for parasites that impact bee health, yet bees share floral resources with other pollinator taxa, such as flies, that may be hosts or non-host vectors (i.e., mechanical vectors) of parasites. Here, we assessed whether the fecal-orally transmitted gut parasite of bees, Crithidia bombi, can infect Eristalis tenax flower flies. We also investigated the potential for two confirmed solitary bee hosts of C. bombi, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata, as well as two flower fly species, Eristalis arbustorum and E. tenax, to transmit the parasite at flowers. We found that C. bombi did not replicate (i.e., cause an active infection) in E. tenax flies. However, 93% of inoculated flies defecated live C. bombi in their first fecal event, and all contaminated fecal events contained C. bombi at concentrations sufficient to infect bumble bees. Flies and bees defecated inside the corolla (flower) more frequently than other plant locations, and flies defecated at volumes comparable to or greater than bees. Our results demonstrate that Eristalis flower flies are not hosts of C. bombi, but they may be mechanical vectors of this parasite at flowers. Thus, flower flies may amplify or dilute C. bombi in bee communities, though current theoretical work suggests that unless present in large populations, the effects of mechanical vectors will be smaller than hosts.
format	article
author	Abby E. Davis Kaitlin R. Deutsch Alondra M. Torres Mesly J. Mata Loya Lauren V. Cody Emma Harte David Sossa Paige A. Muñiz Wee Hao Ng Scott H. McArt
author_facet	Abby E. Davis Kaitlin R. Deutsch Alondra M. Torres Mesly J. Mata Loya Lauren V. Cody Emma Harte David Sossa Paige A. Muñiz Wee Hao Ng Scott H. McArt
author_sort	Abby E. Davis
title	Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
title_short	Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
title_full	Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
title_fullStr	Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
title_full_unstemmed	Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi
title_sort	eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, crithidia bombi
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/da4c322bf759454ba5157db9bff954c8
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Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi

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