Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus

AbstractBackground and Objectives :In order to using sustainable agricultural methods and entering new species for increasing biodiversity, a field experiment performed to evaluate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with application of biofertilizer on the essentia...

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Autores principales:	Mostafa Amani Machiani, Abdollah Javanmard, Ali Ostadi, Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	FA
Publicado:	University of Tabriz 2021
Materias:	bio-fertilizer cropping pattern sustainable agriculture system productivity index seed yield Agriculture (General) S1-972 Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da686b4e5cea49b9ae74195c5bc28478
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da686b4e5cea49b9ae74195c5bc284782021-11-27T07:10:38ZEvaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus2476-43102476-432910.22034/saps.2021.13687https://doaj.org/article/da686b4e5cea49b9ae74195c5bc284782021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_13687_40335a2ea709c85f8041df992f5d1282.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2476-4310https://doaj.org/toc/2476-4329AbstractBackground and Objectives :In order to using sustainable agricultural methods and entering new species for increasing biodiversity, a field experiment performed to evaluate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with application of biofertilizer on the essential oil productivity, essential oil yield and ecological indices. Material and Methods: A field experiment was carried out as split split plot based on the randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatments and three replication at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2019 growing season. The main factor was different planting patterns including thyme sole culture, soybean sole culture, intercropping of one row soybean+ one row thyme (1:1) and intercropping of two rows of soybean+ one row thyme (2:1). The sub plot and sub- sub plot factor were inoculation and non-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and harvest time (first harvest and second harvest), respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that the highest dry yield of thyme (634.5 g.m-2) was achieved in the sole culture of plants with application of AMF. Also, the highest essential oil yield of thyme (9.45 g.m-2) was observed in the first harvest and intercropping ratio of 1:1. In addition, the essential oil yield and essential oil yield of thyme with AMF inoculation increased by 30.86 and 11.95% compared with control. Moreover, the highest ecological indices (LER, AHER, ATER and LUE) and monetary indices (IA, MAI and SPI) were achieved in the intercropping ratio of 1:1 with AMF application. Conclusion: The intercropping ratio of 1 row soybean+ 1 row thyme along with biofertilizer could be suggested to farmers for enhancing economic income and land use efficiency.Mostafa Amani MachianiAbdollah JavanmardAli OstadiMohammad Reza MorshedlooUniversity of Tabrizarticlebio-fertilizercropping patternsustainable agriculturesystem productivity indexseed yieldAgriculture (General)S1-972Plant cultureSB1-1110FAJournal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, Vol 31, Iss 3, Pp 31-50 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	FA
topic	bio-fertilizer cropping pattern sustainable agriculture system productivity index seed yield Agriculture (General) S1-972 Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	bio-fertilizer cropping pattern sustainable agriculture system productivity index seed yield Agriculture (General) S1-972 Plant culture SB1-1110 Mostafa Amani Machiani Abdollah Javanmard Ali Ostadi Mohammad Reza Morshedloo Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
description	AbstractBackground and Objectives :In order to using sustainable agricultural methods and entering new species for increasing biodiversity, a field experiment performed to evaluate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with application of biofertilizer on the essential oil productivity, essential oil yield and ecological indices. Material and Methods: A field experiment was carried out as split split plot based on the randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatments and three replication at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2019 growing season. The main factor was different planting patterns including thyme sole culture, soybean sole culture, intercropping of one row soybean+ one row thyme (1:1) and intercropping of two rows of soybean+ one row thyme (2:1). The sub plot and sub- sub plot factor were inoculation and non-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and harvest time (first harvest and second harvest), respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that the highest dry yield of thyme (634.5 g.m-2) was achieved in the sole culture of plants with application of AMF. Also, the highest essential oil yield of thyme (9.45 g.m-2) was observed in the first harvest and intercropping ratio of 1:1. In addition, the essential oil yield and essential oil yield of thyme with AMF inoculation increased by 30.86 and 11.95% compared with control. Moreover, the highest ecological indices (LER, AHER, ATER and LUE) and monetary indices (IA, MAI and SPI) were achieved in the intercropping ratio of 1:1 with AMF application. Conclusion: The intercropping ratio of 1 row soybean+ 1 row thyme along with biofertilizer could be suggested to farmers for enhancing economic income and land use efficiency.
format	article
author	Mostafa Amani Machiani Abdollah Javanmard Ali Ostadi Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
author_facet	Mostafa Amani Machiani Abdollah Javanmard Ali Ostadi Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
author_sort	Mostafa Amani Machiani
title	Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
title_short	Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
title_full	Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
title_fullStr	Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
title_sort	evaluation of essential oil yield and ecological indices in the intercropping of thyme (thymus vulgaris l.) and soybean (glycine max l.) with application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
publisher	University of Tabriz
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/da686b4e5cea49b9ae74195c5bc28478
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Evaluation of Essential Oil Yield and Ecological Indices in the Intercropping of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) with Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus

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