Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.

Gene-culture co-evolution emphasizes the joint role of culture and genes for the emergence of altruistic and cooperative behaviors and behavioral genetics provides estimates of their relative importance. However, these approaches cannot assess which biological traits determine altruism or how. We an...

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Autores principales:	Pablo Brañas-Garza, Jaromír Kovářík, Levent Neyse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da732bf95e944e79b99b0c02af2d009c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da732bf95e944e79b99b0c02af2d009c2021-11-18T07:49:51ZSecond-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0060419https://doaj.org/article/da732bf95e944e79b99b0c02af2d009c2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23593214/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Gene-culture co-evolution emphasizes the joint role of culture and genes for the emergence of altruistic and cooperative behaviors and behavioral genetics provides estimates of their relative importance. However, these approaches cannot assess which biological traits determine altruism or how. We analyze the association between altruism in adults and the exposure to prenatal sex hormones, using the second-to-fourth digit ratio. We find an inverted U-shaped relation for left and right hands, which is very consistent for men and less systematic for women. Subjects with both high and low digit ratios give less than individuals with intermediate digit ratios. We repeat the exercise with the same subjects seven months later and find a similar association, even though subjects' behavior differs the second time they play the game. We then construct proxies of the median digit ratio in the population (using more than 1000 different subjects), show that subjects' altruism decreases with the distance of their ratio to these proxies. These results provide direct evidence that prenatal events contribute to the variation of altruistic behavior and that the exposure to fetal hormones is one of the relevant biological factors. In addition, the findings suggest that there might be an optimal level of exposure to these hormones from social perspective.Pablo Brañas-GarzaJaromír KováříkLevent NeysePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e60419 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pablo Brañas-Garza Jaromír Kovářík Levent Neyse Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
description	Gene-culture co-evolution emphasizes the joint role of culture and genes for the emergence of altruistic and cooperative behaviors and behavioral genetics provides estimates of their relative importance. However, these approaches cannot assess which biological traits determine altruism or how. We analyze the association between altruism in adults and the exposure to prenatal sex hormones, using the second-to-fourth digit ratio. We find an inverted U-shaped relation for left and right hands, which is very consistent for men and less systematic for women. Subjects with both high and low digit ratios give less than individuals with intermediate digit ratios. We repeat the exercise with the same subjects seven months later and find a similar association, even though subjects' behavior differs the second time they play the game. We then construct proxies of the median digit ratio in the population (using more than 1000 different subjects), show that subjects' altruism decreases with the distance of their ratio to these proxies. These results provide direct evidence that prenatal events contribute to the variation of altruistic behavior and that the exposure to fetal hormones is one of the relevant biological factors. In addition, the findings suggest that there might be an optimal level of exposure to these hormones from social perspective.
format	article
author	Pablo Brañas-Garza Jaromír Kovářík Levent Neyse
author_facet	Pablo Brañas-Garza Jaromír Kovářík Levent Neyse
author_sort	Pablo Brañas-Garza
title	Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
title_short	Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
title_full	Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
title_fullStr	Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
title_full_unstemmed	Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
title_sort	second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/da732bf95e944e79b99b0c02af2d009c
work_keys_str_mv	AT pablobranasgarza secondtofourthdigitratiohasanonmonotonicimpactonaltruism AT jaromirkovarik secondtofourthdigitratiohasanonmonotonicimpactonaltruism AT leventneyse secondtofourthdigitratiohasanonmonotonicimpactonaltruism
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Second-to-fourth digit ratio has a non-monotonic impact on altruism.

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