Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow

The presence of spherical solid particles immersed in an incompressible turbulent flow was numerically investigated from the perspective of the particle mass fraction (PMF or <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semanti...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Alberto Duque-Daza, Jesus Ramirez-Pastran, Santiago Lain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	particle-laden channel flow turbulence modulation two-way coupling large-eddy simulations drag reduction Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da99ca31357948f187a345b0c87b60a4
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:da99ca31357948f187a345b0c87b60a4
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	particle-laden channel flow turbulence modulation two-way coupling large-eddy simulations drag reduction Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	particle-laden channel flow turbulence modulation two-way coupling large-eddy simulations drag reduction Thermodynamics QC310.15-319 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Carlos Alberto Duque-Daza Jesus Ramirez-Pastran Santiago Lain Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
description	The presence of spherical solid particles immersed in an incompressible turbulent flow was numerically investigated from the perspective of the particle mass fraction (PMF or <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), a measure of the particle-to-fluid mass ratio. Although a number of different changes have been reported to be obtained by the presence of solid particles in incompressible turbulent flows, the present study reports the findings of varying <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the the turbulent behaviour of the flow, including aspects such as: turbulent statistics, skin-friction coefficient, and the general dynamics of a particle-laden flow. For this purpose, a particle-laden turbulent channel flow transporting solid particles at three different friction Reynolds numbers, namely <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 365, and 950, with a fixed particle volume fraction of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, was employed as conceptual flow model and simulated using large eddy simulations. The value adopted for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> allowed the use of a two-way coupling approach between the particles and the flow or carrier phase. Three different values of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> were explored in this work <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2.96</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>12.4</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Assessment of the effect of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> was performed by examining changes of mean velocity profiles, velocity fluctuation profiles, and a number of other relevant turbulence statistics. Our results show that attenuation of turbulence activity of the carrier phase is attained, and that such attenuation increases with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> at fixed Reynolds numbers and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. For the smallest Reynolds number case considered, flows carrying particles with higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> exhibited lower energy requirements to sustain constant fluid mass flow rate conditions. By examining the flow velocity field, as well as instantaneous velocity components contours, it is shown that the attenuation acts even on the largest scales of the flow dynamics, and not only at the smaller levels. These findings reinforce the concept of a selective stabilising effect induced by the solid particles, particularly enhanced by high values of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which could eventually be exploited for improvement of energetic efficiency of piping or equivalent particles transport systems.
format	article
author	Carlos Alberto Duque-Daza Jesus Ramirez-Pastran Santiago Lain
author_facet	Carlos Alberto Duque-Daza Jesus Ramirez-Pastran Santiago Lain
author_sort	Carlos Alberto Duque-Daza
title	Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
title_short	Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
title_full	Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
title_fullStr	Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow
title_sort	influence of particle mass fraction over the turbulent behaviour of an incompressible particle-laden flow
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/da99ca31357948f187a345b0c87b60a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT carlosalbertoduquedaza influenceofparticlemassfractionovertheturbulentbehaviourofanincompressibleparticleladenflow AT jesusramirezpastran influenceofparticlemassfractionovertheturbulentbehaviourofanincompressibleparticleladenflow AT santiagolain influenceofparticlemassfractionovertheturbulentbehaviourofanincompressibleparticleladenflow
_version_	1718412256154222592
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da99ca31357948f187a345b0c87b60a42021-11-25T17:31:23ZInfluence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow10.3390/fluids61103742311-5521https://doaj.org/article/da99ca31357948f187a345b0c87b60a42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/11/374https://doaj.org/toc/2311-5521The presence of spherical solid particles immersed in an incompressible turbulent flow was numerically investigated from the perspective of the particle mass fraction (PMF or <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), a measure of the particle-to-fluid mass ratio. Although a number of different changes have been reported to be obtained by the presence of solid particles in incompressible turbulent flows, the present study reports the findings of varying <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the the turbulent behaviour of the flow, including aspects such as: turbulent statistics, skin-friction coefficient, and the general dynamics of a particle-laden flow. For this purpose, a particle-laden turbulent channel flow transporting solid particles at three different friction Reynolds numbers, namely <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 365, and 950, with a fixed particle volume fraction of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, was employed as conceptual flow model and simulated using large eddy simulations. The value adopted for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> allowed the use of a two-way coupling approach between the particles and the flow or carrier phase. Three different values of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> were explored in this work <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2.96</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>12.4</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Assessment of the effect of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> was performed by examining changes of mean velocity profiles, velocity fluctuation profiles, and a number of other relevant turbulence statistics. Our results show that attenuation of turbulence activity of the carrier phase is attained, and that such attenuation increases with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> at fixed Reynolds numbers and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. For the smallest Reynolds number case considered, flows carrying particles with higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> exhibited lower energy requirements to sustain constant fluid mass flow rate conditions. By examining the flow velocity field, as well as instantaneous velocity components contours, it is shown that the attenuation acts even on the largest scales of the flow dynamics, and not only at the smaller levels. These findings reinforce the concept of a selective stabilising effect induced by the solid particles, particularly enhanced by high values of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which could eventually be exploited for improvement of energetic efficiency of piping or equivalent particles transport systems.Carlos Alberto Duque-DazaJesus Ramirez-PastranSantiago LainMDPI AGarticleparticle-laden channel flowturbulence modulationtwo-way couplinglarge-eddy simulationsdrag reductionThermodynamicsQC310.15-319Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENFluids, Vol 6, Iss 374, p 374 (2021)

Influence of Particle Mass Fraction over the Turbulent Behaviour of an Incompressible Particle-Laden Flow

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