Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark

Wood bark is one of the main residues in the forest industry worldwide. Currently, the bark is used to produce process heat and energy. A major amount of this is mainly used in power and heating plants. Due to the fact that the demand for heating energy is seasonal, the storage of bark is necessary....

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Autores principales:	Lukas Gruber, Lukas Seidl, Michela Zanetti, Thomas Schnabel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	birch bark ultrasonic-assisted extraction energy content calorific value ash content Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/da99da0471f547ffabb95014ae847192
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:da99da0471f547ffabb95014ae8471922021-11-25T17:37:45ZCalorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark10.3390/f121114801999-4907https://doaj.org/article/da99da0471f547ffabb95014ae8471922021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1480https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Wood bark is one of the main residues in the forest industry worldwide. Currently, the bark is used to produce process heat and energy. A major amount of this is mainly used in power and heating plants. Due to the fact that the demand for heating energy is seasonal, the storage of bark is necessary. The storage process of bark and therefore related problems (like biomass loss, increase of ash content etc.) were discussed in previous studies. Different approaches to increase the economic and ecologic value of wood bark through gaining extractives from the bark were investigated in order to revalue this by-product as well. This study shows the change in calorific value and ash content of birch bark based on results of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Regarding the energy content (gross calorific value), a comparison was made that showed that due to the extraction process, the energy content of the birch bark is decreased. The extraction yield of the methanol extracts results as 17.74%. The total phenolic content (TPC) of this extract was 447.75 mg GAE/g of oven-dried bark extracts. The amount of ash increased by 23.74% after the extraction. The gross calorific value of the birch bark decreased by 6.98%. The calculated energy content decreased from 2.48 MWh/m<sup>3</sup> before extraction to 1.61 MWh/m<sup>3</sup> after extraction, which is a loss of 35.08%. The obtained results show that through the extraction of birch bark via ultrasound-assisted extraction, valuable substances can be produced. At the same time, the ash content of extracted birch bark increased whereas the energy content decreased.Lukas GruberLukas SeidlMichela ZanettiThomas SchnabelMDPI AGarticlebirch barkultrasonic-assisted extractionenergy contentcalorific valueash contentPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1480, p 1480 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	birch bark ultrasonic-assisted extraction energy content calorific value ash content Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	birch bark ultrasonic-assisted extraction energy content calorific value ash content Plant ecology QK900-989 Lukas Gruber Lukas Seidl Michela Zanetti Thomas Schnabel Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
description	Wood bark is one of the main residues in the forest industry worldwide. Currently, the bark is used to produce process heat and energy. A major amount of this is mainly used in power and heating plants. Due to the fact that the demand for heating energy is seasonal, the storage of bark is necessary. The storage process of bark and therefore related problems (like biomass loss, increase of ash content etc.) were discussed in previous studies. Different approaches to increase the economic and ecologic value of wood bark through gaining extractives from the bark were investigated in order to revalue this by-product as well. This study shows the change in calorific value and ash content of birch bark based on results of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Regarding the energy content (gross calorific value), a comparison was made that showed that due to the extraction process, the energy content of the birch bark is decreased. The extraction yield of the methanol extracts results as 17.74%. The total phenolic content (TPC) of this extract was 447.75 mg GAE/g of oven-dried bark extracts. The amount of ash increased by 23.74% after the extraction. The gross calorific value of the birch bark decreased by 6.98%. The calculated energy content decreased from 2.48 MWh/m<sup>3</sup> before extraction to 1.61 MWh/m<sup>3</sup> after extraction, which is a loss of 35.08%. The obtained results show that through the extraction of birch bark via ultrasound-assisted extraction, valuable substances can be produced. At the same time, the ash content of extracted birch bark increased whereas the energy content decreased.
format	article
author	Lukas Gruber Lukas Seidl Michela Zanetti Thomas Schnabel
author_facet	Lukas Gruber Lukas Seidl Michela Zanetti Thomas Schnabel
author_sort	Lukas Gruber
title	Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
title_short	Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
title_full	Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
title_fullStr	Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
title_full_unstemmed	Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark
title_sort	calorific value and ash content of extracted birch bark
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/da99da0471f547ffabb95014ae847192
work_keys_str_mv	AT lukasgruber calorificvalueandashcontentofextractedbirchbark AT lukasseidl calorificvalueandashcontentofextractedbirchbark AT michelazanetti calorificvalueandashcontentofextractedbirchbark AT thomasschnabel calorificvalueandashcontentofextractedbirchbark
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Calorific Value and Ash Content of Extracted Birch Bark

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