Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.

Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is nec...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Fahim Abbas, Sana Batool, Sobia Khaliq, Sidra Mubeen, Azziz-Ud-Din, Naseeb Ullah, Khalida Zafar, Muhammad Rafiq, Abdullah M Al-Sadi, Saqer S Alotaibi, Ahmed M El-Shehawi, Yunzhou Li, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Mohammad Javed Ansari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dac290d441364f11a8775e6847da1ceb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dac290d441364f11a8775e6847da1ceb2021-12-02T20:07:53ZDiversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257951https://doaj.org/article/dac290d441364f11a8775e6847da1ceb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257951https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is necessary for devising management options. This study explored Taxila, Wah-Cantt, Tret, Chatar, Murree, Kalar-Kahar, Choa-Saidan-Shah and Khan-Pur districts in the Punjab and Khyber Paktoon Khawa (KPK) provinces of Pakistan to explore the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat. The samples were collected from these districts and their microscopic characterizations were accomplished for reliable identification. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergilus flavis, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and Phomopsis sp. were the fungal pathogens infesting loquat in the study area. The isolates of A. alternata and C. lunata were isolated from leaf spots and fruit rot, while the isolates of L. theobromae were associated with twig dieback. The remaining pathogens were allied with fruit rot. The nucleotide evidence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were computed from all the pathogens and submitted in the database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). For multigene analysis, beta-tubulin (BT) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions were explored for A. alternata and C. lunata isolates, respectively. The virulence scales of leaf spots, fruit rot, and twig dieback diseases of loquat were developed for the first time through this study. It is the first comprehensive study with morpho-molecular identification, and newly developed virulence scales of the fungal pathogens associated with loquat, which improves the understanding of these destructive diseases.Muhammad Fahim AbbasSana BatoolSobia KhaliqSidra MubeenAzziz-Ud-DinNaseeb UllahKhalida ZafarMuhammad RafiqAbdullah M Al-SadiSaqer S AlotaibiAhmed M El-ShehawiYunzhou LiAli Tan Kee ZuanMohammad Javed AnsariPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257951 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Muhammad Fahim Abbas Sana Batool Sobia Khaliq Sidra Mubeen Azziz-Ud-Din Naseeb Ullah Khalida Zafar Muhammad Rafiq Abdullah M Al-Sadi Saqer S Alotaibi Ahmed M El-Shehawi Yunzhou Li Ali Tan Kee Zuan Mohammad Javed Ansari Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
description	Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is necessary for devising management options. This study explored Taxila, Wah-Cantt, Tret, Chatar, Murree, Kalar-Kahar, Choa-Saidan-Shah and Khan-Pur districts in the Punjab and Khyber Paktoon Khawa (KPK) provinces of Pakistan to explore the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat. The samples were collected from these districts and their microscopic characterizations were accomplished for reliable identification. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergilus flavis, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and Phomopsis sp. were the fungal pathogens infesting loquat in the study area. The isolates of A. alternata and C. lunata were isolated from leaf spots and fruit rot, while the isolates of L. theobromae were associated with twig dieback. The remaining pathogens were allied with fruit rot. The nucleotide evidence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were computed from all the pathogens and submitted in the database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). For multigene analysis, beta-tubulin (BT) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions were explored for A. alternata and C. lunata isolates, respectively. The virulence scales of leaf spots, fruit rot, and twig dieback diseases of loquat were developed for the first time through this study. It is the first comprehensive study with morpho-molecular identification, and newly developed virulence scales of the fungal pathogens associated with loquat, which improves the understanding of these destructive diseases.
format	article
author	Muhammad Fahim Abbas Sana Batool Sobia Khaliq Sidra Mubeen Azziz-Ud-Din Naseeb Ullah Khalida Zafar Muhammad Rafiq Abdullah M Al-Sadi Saqer S Alotaibi Ahmed M El-Shehawi Yunzhou Li Ali Tan Kee Zuan Mohammad Javed Ansari
author_facet	Muhammad Fahim Abbas Sana Batool Sobia Khaliq Sidra Mubeen Azziz-Ud-Din Naseeb Ullah Khalida Zafar Muhammad Rafiq Abdullah M Al-Sadi Saqer S Alotaibi Ahmed M El-Shehawi Yunzhou Li Ali Tan Kee Zuan Mohammad Javed Ansari
author_sort	Muhammad Fahim Abbas
title	Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
title_short	Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
title_full	Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
title_fullStr	Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
title_sort	diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dac290d441364f11a8775e6847da1ceb
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Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales.

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