Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids

Abstract Examination of the tradeoff between the extent of decreasing nitrogen input and pest suppression is crucial for maintaining the balance between essential yield and an efficient, sustainable pest control strategy. In this study, an experiment with four manipulated nitrogen fertilizer levels...

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Autores principales:	Fei Qiao, Quan-Feng Yang, Rui-Xing Hou, Ke-Ning Zhang, Jing Li, Feng Ge, Fang Ouyang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dadb330145774a179140e001733201b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dadb330145774a179140e001733201b92021-12-02T10:48:03ZModerately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids10.1038/s41598-021-81855-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/dadb330145774a179140e001733201b92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81855-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Examination of the tradeoff between the extent of decreasing nitrogen input and pest suppression is crucial for maintaining the balance between essential yield and an efficient, sustainable pest control strategy. In this study, an experiment with four manipulated nitrogen fertilizer levels (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha−1 = conventional level) was conducted to explore the effects of decreasing nitrogen on cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), and body sizes of parasitoids. The results indicated that nitrogen application, in the range of 70–280 kg N ha−1, has the potential to impact the populations of cereal aphids and their parasitoids. However, both differences between densities of cereal aphids and their parasitoids in moderate (140–210 kg N ha−1) and those in high nitrogen input (280 kg N ha−1) were not significant, and the parasitism rate was also unaffected. A higher parasitism rate reduced population growth of the cereal aphid (S. avenae). Additionally, a moderate decrease of nitrogen fertilizer from 280 to 140–210 kg N ha−1 maximized the body sizes of Aphidiinae parasitoids, indicating that a moderate decrease of nitrogen fertilizer could facilitate biocontrol of cereal aphid by parasitoids in the near future. We conclude that a moderate decrease in nitrogen application, from 280 to 140–210 kg N ha−1, does not quantitatively impact the densities of cereal aphids or the parasitism rate but can qualitatively maximize the fitness of the parasitoids.Fei QiaoQuan-Feng YangRui-Xing HouKe-Ning ZhangJing LiFeng GeFang OuyangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fei Qiao Quan-Feng Yang Rui-Xing Hou Ke-Ning Zhang Jing Li Feng Ge Fang Ouyang Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
description	Abstract Examination of the tradeoff between the extent of decreasing nitrogen input and pest suppression is crucial for maintaining the balance between essential yield and an efficient, sustainable pest control strategy. In this study, an experiment with four manipulated nitrogen fertilizer levels (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha−1 = conventional level) was conducted to explore the effects of decreasing nitrogen on cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), and body sizes of parasitoids. The results indicated that nitrogen application, in the range of 70–280 kg N ha−1, has the potential to impact the populations of cereal aphids and their parasitoids. However, both differences between densities of cereal aphids and their parasitoids in moderate (140–210 kg N ha−1) and those in high nitrogen input (280 kg N ha−1) were not significant, and the parasitism rate was also unaffected. A higher parasitism rate reduced population growth of the cereal aphid (S. avenae). Additionally, a moderate decrease of nitrogen fertilizer from 280 to 140–210 kg N ha−1 maximized the body sizes of Aphidiinae parasitoids, indicating that a moderate decrease of nitrogen fertilizer could facilitate biocontrol of cereal aphid by parasitoids in the near future. We conclude that a moderate decrease in nitrogen application, from 280 to 140–210 kg N ha−1, does not quantitatively impact the densities of cereal aphids or the parasitism rate but can qualitatively maximize the fitness of the parasitoids.
format	article
author	Fei Qiao Quan-Feng Yang Rui-Xing Hou Ke-Ning Zhang Jing Li Feng Ge Fang Ouyang
author_facet	Fei Qiao Quan-Feng Yang Rui-Xing Hou Ke-Ning Zhang Jing Li Feng Ge Fang Ouyang
author_sort	Fei Qiao
title	Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
title_short	Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
title_full	Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
title_fullStr	Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
title_full_unstemmed	Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
title_sort	moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dadb330145774a179140e001733201b9
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Moderately decreasing fertilizer in fields does not reduce populations of cereal aphids but maximizes fitness of parasitoids

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