Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition

After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his h...

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Autor principal:	Gibson Robert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FR
Publicado:	EDP Sciences 2021
Materias:	michel chevreul fatty acid pathway maternal-infant nutrition preterm infant omega-3 dha dried blood spot Oils, fats, and waxes TP670-699
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dadfcf9a1b344a2f858c284768bea78e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dadfcf9a1b344a2f858c284768bea78e2021-11-08T15:21:08ZOld and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition2272-69772257-661410.1051/ocl/2021034https://doaj.org/article/dadfcf9a1b344a2f858c284768bea78e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ocl-journal.org/articles/ocl/full_html/2021/01/ocl210034s/ocl210034s.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/2272-6977https://doaj.org/toc/2257-6614After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his huge delight was to witness the massive growth of lipid research and to have played a role in elucidating the role of dietary fats in the health of mothers and their babies”. Prof. Gibson highlighted some of the major results he collected from Australian clinical studies conducted on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of mothers and their infants. He first discussed the role of fish oil on visual acuity of babies and demonstrated that infant formulas supplying more than 1% of linolenic acid (ALA) seemed adequate to ensure optimal visual and cognitive development of term infants. However, in preterm infants, whether there is a specific need for DHA above the benefit provided by ALA, still needs to be clarified. He reported a small beneficial impact on the cognitive development of preterm infants receiving DHA enriched breast milk of their mothers (1% of total fatty acids). He then discussed data from his large randomised clinical trials conducted on pregnant women receiving a DHA dietary treatment (800 mg/d DHA) or placebo, that suggested that DHA may decrease the risk of preterm birth (DOMInO trial, 2400 women). This effect was confirmed in the ORIP trial (5400 women) which found that preterm birth could be prevented by a DHA supplement treatment mainly in women with a singleton pregnancy who had a low omega-3 status in the first trimester. In the last part of his review, Robert Gibson described the use of a new low cost, rapid and efficient method to monitor changes in blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids with clinical outcomes: the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology. The validation of this technique has been demonstrated in large trials like N3RO and ORIP involving large cohorts of women, which could not have been obtained easily by classical analysis of lipids. He went on to point out that free fatty acids (generally not explored despite their importance in many metabolic disorders) and oxylipins, are both stable and easily identified when they are preserved in a dry state on a paper matrix (DBS), thus opening new fields of research. To conclude, the major impact of Prof. Robert Gibson’s work was identifying and overcoming one of the causes of early preterm birth (omega-3 deficiency), developing a tool to rapidly assess omega-3 status (the DBS technique) that together is close to being implemented into the world health system.Gibson RobertEDP Sciencesarticlemichel chevreulfatty acid pathwaymaternal-infant nutritionpreterm infantomega-3 dhadried blood spotOils, fats, and waxesTP670-699ENFROilseeds and fats, crops and lipids, Vol 28, p 49 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FR
topic	michel chevreul fatty acid pathway maternal-infant nutrition preterm infant omega-3 dha dried blood spot Oils, fats, and waxes TP670-699
spellingShingle	michel chevreul fatty acid pathway maternal-infant nutrition preterm infant omega-3 dha dried blood spot Oils, fats, and waxes TP670-699 Gibson Robert Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
description	After paying homage to the work of E. Chevreul, Prof. Robert Gibson went on in a lighthearted way to find similarities in the way they both approached their respective fields of research, as well as their way of life. Prof. Robert Gibson, who was awarded the 2021 Chevreul Medal, reported that “his huge delight was to witness the massive growth of lipid research and to have played a role in elucidating the role of dietary fats in the health of mothers and their babies”. Prof. Gibson highlighted some of the major results he collected from Australian clinical studies conducted on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of mothers and their infants. He first discussed the role of fish oil on visual acuity of babies and demonstrated that infant formulas supplying more than 1% of linolenic acid (ALA) seemed adequate to ensure optimal visual and cognitive development of term infants. However, in preterm infants, whether there is a specific need for DHA above the benefit provided by ALA, still needs to be clarified. He reported a small beneficial impact on the cognitive development of preterm infants receiving DHA enriched breast milk of their mothers (1% of total fatty acids). He then discussed data from his large randomised clinical trials conducted on pregnant women receiving a DHA dietary treatment (800 mg/d DHA) or placebo, that suggested that DHA may decrease the risk of preterm birth (DOMInO trial, 2400 women). This effect was confirmed in the ORIP trial (5400 women) which found that preterm birth could be prevented by a DHA supplement treatment mainly in women with a singleton pregnancy who had a low omega-3 status in the first trimester. In the last part of his review, Robert Gibson described the use of a new low cost, rapid and efficient method to monitor changes in blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids with clinical outcomes: the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology. The validation of this technique has been demonstrated in large trials like N3RO and ORIP involving large cohorts of women, which could not have been obtained easily by classical analysis of lipids. He went on to point out that free fatty acids (generally not explored despite their importance in many metabolic disorders) and oxylipins, are both stable and easily identified when they are preserved in a dry state on a paper matrix (DBS), thus opening new fields of research. To conclude, the major impact of Prof. Robert Gibson’s work was identifying and overcoming one of the causes of early preterm birth (omega-3 deficiency), developing a tool to rapidly assess omega-3 status (the DBS technique) that together is close to being implemented into the world health system.
format	article
author	Gibson Robert
author_facet	Gibson Robert
author_sort	Gibson Robert
title	Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
title_short	Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
title_full	Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
title_fullStr	Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
title_full_unstemmed	Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition
title_sort	old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: the road towards personalised clinical nutrition
publisher	EDP Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dadfcf9a1b344a2f858c284768bea78e
work_keys_str_mv	AT gibsonrobert oldandnewadventureswithfattyacidsandtheiroxylipinstheroadtowardspersonalisedclinicalnutrition
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Old and new adventures with fatty acids and their oxylipins: The road towards personalised clinical nutrition

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