Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia

Sangeethabalasri Pugazhendhi, 1 Balamurali Ambati, 2 Allan A Hunter 3 1PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, India; 2Pacific ClearVision Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA; 3Oregon Eye Consultants, Eugene, Oregon, USACorrespondence: Alla...

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Autores principales:	Pugazhendhi S, Ambati B, Hunter AA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	pediatric myopia axial elongation myopia maculopathies scleral remodeling myopic foveoschisis atropine in the treatment of myopia (atom) study macular buckle Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/daf415b3a7c74f26af2e265fe1c17dae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:daf415b3a7c74f26af2e265fe1c17dae2021-12-02T09:32:15ZPathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/daf415b3a7c74f26af2e265fe1c17dae2020-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/pathogenesis-and-prevention-of-worsening-axial-elongation-in-pathologi-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Sangeethabalasri Pugazhendhi, 1 Balamurali Ambati, 2 Allan A Hunter 3 1PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, India; 2Pacific ClearVision Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA; 3Oregon Eye Consultants, Eugene, Oregon, USACorrespondence: Allan A HunterOregon Eye Consultants, 1550 Oak St. Suite 7, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USATel +1 541-687-1927Email hunter.allan.a@gmail.comPurpose: This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities.Introduction: Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development.Methods: A review of literature was conducted. PubMed and Medline were searched for combinations and derivatives of the keywords including, but not limited to, “pediatric myopia”, “axial elongation”, “scleral remodeling” or “atropine.” The PubMed and Medline database search were performed for randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the same keyword combinations.Results: Studies have reported that detection of genetic correlations and modification of environmental influences may have a significant impact in myopia progression, axial elongation and future myopic ocular complications. The conventional pharmacotherapy of pediatric myopia addresses the improvement in visual acuity and prevention of amblyopia but does not affect axial elongation or myopia progression. Several studies have published varying treatments, including optical, pharmacological and surgical management, which show great promise for a more precise control of myopia and preservation of ocular health.Discussion: Understanding the role of factors influencing the onset and progression of pediatric myopia will facilitate the development of successful treatments, reduction of disease burden, arrest of progression and improvement in future of the management of myopia.Keywords: pediatric myopia, axial elongation, myopia maculopathies, scleral remodeling, myopic foveoschisis, atropine in the treatment of myopia (ATOM) study, macular bucklePugazhendhi SAmbati BHunter AADove Medical Pressarticlepediatric myopiaaxial elongationmyopia maculopathiesscleral remodelingmyopic foveoschisisatropine in the treatment of myopia (atom) studymacular buckleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 14, Pp 853-873 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pediatric myopia axial elongation myopia maculopathies scleral remodeling myopic foveoschisis atropine in the treatment of myopia (atom) study macular buckle Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	pediatric myopia axial elongation myopia maculopathies scleral remodeling myopic foveoschisis atropine in the treatment of myopia (atom) study macular buckle Ophthalmology RE1-994 Pugazhendhi S Ambati B Hunter AA Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
description	Sangeethabalasri Pugazhendhi, 1 Balamurali Ambati, 2 Allan A Hunter 3 1PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, India; 2Pacific ClearVision Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA; 3Oregon Eye Consultants, Eugene, Oregon, USACorrespondence: Allan A HunterOregon Eye Consultants, 1550 Oak St. Suite 7, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USATel +1 541-687-1927Email hunter.allan.a@gmail.comPurpose: This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities.Introduction: Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development.Methods: A review of literature was conducted. PubMed and Medline were searched for combinations and derivatives of the keywords including, but not limited to, “pediatric myopia”, “axial elongation”, “scleral remodeling” or “atropine.” The PubMed and Medline database search were performed for randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the same keyword combinations.Results: Studies have reported that detection of genetic correlations and modification of environmental influences may have a significant impact in myopia progression, axial elongation and future myopic ocular complications. The conventional pharmacotherapy of pediatric myopia addresses the improvement in visual acuity and prevention of amblyopia but does not affect axial elongation or myopia progression. Several studies have published varying treatments, including optical, pharmacological and surgical management, which show great promise for a more precise control of myopia and preservation of ocular health.Discussion: Understanding the role of factors influencing the onset and progression of pediatric myopia will facilitate the development of successful treatments, reduction of disease burden, arrest of progression and improvement in future of the management of myopia.Keywords: pediatric myopia, axial elongation, myopia maculopathies, scleral remodeling, myopic foveoschisis, atropine in the treatment of myopia (ATOM) study, macular buckle
format	article
author	Pugazhendhi S Ambati B Hunter AA
author_facet	Pugazhendhi S Ambati B Hunter AA
author_sort	Pugazhendhi S
title	Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
title_short	Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
title_full	Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
title_fullStr	Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
title_full_unstemmed	Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia
title_sort	pathogenesis and prevention of worsening axial elongation in pathological myopia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/daf415b3a7c74f26af2e265fe1c17dae
work_keys_str_mv	AT pugazhendhis pathogenesisandpreventionofworseningaxialelongationinpathologicalmyopia AT ambatib pathogenesisandpreventionofworseningaxialelongationinpathologicalmyopia AT hunteraa pathogenesisandpreventionofworseningaxialelongationinpathologicalmyopia
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Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia

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