The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults

Working memory (WM), a central component of general cognition, plays an essential role in human beings’ daily lives. WM impairments often occur in psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders, mainly presenting as loss of high-load WM. In previous research, electroacupuncture (EA...

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Autores principales:	Meng Ren, Jingjing Xu, Jingjun Zhao, Sicong Zhang, Wenjing Wang, Shutian Xu, Zhiqing Zhou, Xixi Chen, Songmei Chen, Yuanli Li, Chunlei Shan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db159020ad0c4cb497a94a6f25cbf23e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db159020ad0c4cb497a94a6f25cbf23e2021-11-29T00:56:54ZThe Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults1741-428810.1155/2021/2062718https://doaj.org/article/db159020ad0c4cb497a94a6f25cbf23e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2062718https://doaj.org/toc/1741-4288Working memory (WM), a central component of general cognition, plays an essential role in human beings’ daily lives. WM impairments often occur in psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders, mainly presenting as loss of high-load WM. In previous research, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for cognitive impairments. Frequency parameters are an important factor in therapeutic results, but the optimal frequency parameters of EA have not yet been identified. In this study, we chose theta-EA (θ-EA; 6 Hz) and gamma-EA (γ-EA; 40 Hz), corresponding to the transcranial alternating-current stimulation (tACS) frequency parameters at the Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints, in order to compare the effects of different EA frequencies on WM. We evaluated WM performance using visual 1-back, 2-back, and 3-back WM tasks involving digits. Each participant (N = 30) attended three different sessions in accordance with a within-subject crossover design. We performed θ-EA, γ-EA, and sham-EA in a counterbalanced order, conducting the WM task both before and after intervention. The results showed that d-prime (d′) under all three stimulation conditions had no significance in the 1-back and 2-back tasks. However, in the 3-back task, there was a significant improvement in d′ after intervention compared to d′ before intervention under θ-EA (F [1, 29] = 22.64; P<0.001), while we saw no significant difference in the γ-EA and sham-EA groups. Reaction times for hits (RT-hit) under all three stimulation conditions showed decreasing trends in 1-, 2-, and 3-back tasks but without statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that the application of θ-EA might facilitate high-load WM performance.Meng RenJingjing XuJingjun ZhaoSicong ZhangWenjing WangShutian XuZhiqing ZhouXixi ChenSongmei ChenYuanli LiChunlei ShanHindawi LimitedarticleOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Meng Ren Jingjing Xu Jingjun Zhao Sicong Zhang Wenjing Wang Shutian Xu Zhiqing Zhou Xixi Chen Songmei Chen Yuanli Li Chunlei Shan The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
description	Working memory (WM), a central component of general cognition, plays an essential role in human beings’ daily lives. WM impairments often occur in psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders, mainly presenting as loss of high-load WM. In previous research, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for cognitive impairments. Frequency parameters are an important factor in therapeutic results, but the optimal frequency parameters of EA have not yet been identified. In this study, we chose theta-EA (θ-EA; 6 Hz) and gamma-EA (γ-EA; 40 Hz), corresponding to the transcranial alternating-current stimulation (tACS) frequency parameters at the Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints, in order to compare the effects of different EA frequencies on WM. We evaluated WM performance using visual 1-back, 2-back, and 3-back WM tasks involving digits. Each participant (N = 30) attended three different sessions in accordance with a within-subject crossover design. We performed θ-EA, γ-EA, and sham-EA in a counterbalanced order, conducting the WM task both before and after intervention. The results showed that d-prime (d′) under all three stimulation conditions had no significance in the 1-back and 2-back tasks. However, in the 3-back task, there was a significant improvement in d′ after intervention compared to d′ before intervention under θ-EA (F [1, 29] = 22.64; P<0.001), while we saw no significant difference in the γ-EA and sham-EA groups. Reaction times for hits (RT-hit) under all three stimulation conditions showed decreasing trends in 1-, 2-, and 3-back tasks but without statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that the application of θ-EA might facilitate high-load WM performance.
format	article
author	Meng Ren Jingjing Xu Jingjun Zhao Sicong Zhang Wenjing Wang Shutian Xu Zhiqing Zhou Xixi Chen Songmei Chen Yuanli Li Chunlei Shan
author_facet	Meng Ren Jingjing Xu Jingjun Zhao Sicong Zhang Wenjing Wang Shutian Xu Zhiqing Zhou Xixi Chen Songmei Chen Yuanli Li Chunlei Shan
author_sort	Meng Ren
title	The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
title_short	The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
title_full	The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
title_fullStr	The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
title_full_unstemmed	The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults
title_sort	modulation of working-memory performance using gamma-electroacupuncture and theta-electroacupuncture in healthy adults
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/db159020ad0c4cb497a94a6f25cbf23e
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The Modulation of Working-Memory Performance Using Gamma-Electroacupuncture and Theta-Electroacupuncture in Healthy Adults

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