Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity

Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective way to mitigate ecological challenges resulting from rapid urbanization. However, the characteristics of urban vegetation ET, especially how they respond to meteorological factors and soil water, remains unclear, which is crucial for urban ET regulation....

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Autores principales:	Zhendong Zou, Chunhua Yan, Leiyu Yu, Xianchenghao Jiang, Jinshan Ding, Junjie Ding, Guoyu Qiu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	urban evapotranspiration urban lawn urban tree meteorological factors soil water Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db5152e57b434497b938c2e75d397bef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db5152e57b434497b938c2e75d397bef2021-11-25T17:37:32ZDifferent Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity10.3390/f121114631999-4907https://doaj.org/article/db5152e57b434497b938c2e75d397bef2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1463https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective way to mitigate ecological challenges resulting from rapid urbanization. However, the characteristics of urban vegetation ET, especially how they respond to meteorological factors and soil water, remains unclear, which is crucial for urban ET regulation. Therefore, this study measured the actual ET rate of an urban lawn (ET<sub>lawn</sub>) using the Bowen ratio system and an urban tree (T<sub>tree</sub>) by a sap flow system in the hot summer of a subtropical megacity, Shenzhen. The results showed that the daily ET<sub>lawn</sub> was more restricted by energy (R<sub>s</sub>) and diffusion conditions (vapor pressure deficit, VPD), while the daily T<sub>tree</sub> was more restricted by VPD and relative extractable water (REW) in the urban area. The daily T<sub>tree</sub> decreased when the REW was lower than 0.18, while the daily ET<sub>lawn</sub> started to decrease when it was lower than 0.14. When REW was lower than 0.11, the T<sub>tree</sub> stayed at a relatively low level. The impacts of VPD was more evident on the diurnal T<sub>tree</sub> than on the diurnal ET<sub>lawn</sub>. Wind speed had a scarce impact as it was relatively low in urban areas. This study clarifies the different responses of ET<sub>lawn</sub> and T<sub>tree</sub> to meteorological factors and soil water based on actual ET. The results are of great significance for the knowledge of urban forestry and urban hydrology.Zhendong ZouChunhua YanLeiyu YuXianchenghao JiangJinshan DingJunjie DingGuoyu QiuMDPI AGarticleurban evapotranspirationurban lawnurban treemeteorological factorssoil waterPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1463, p 1463 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	urban evapotranspiration urban lawn urban tree meteorological factors soil water Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	urban evapotranspiration urban lawn urban tree meteorological factors soil water Plant ecology QK900-989 Zhendong Zou Chunhua Yan Leiyu Yu Xianchenghao Jiang Jinshan Ding Junjie Ding Guoyu Qiu Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
description	Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective way to mitigate ecological challenges resulting from rapid urbanization. However, the characteristics of urban vegetation ET, especially how they respond to meteorological factors and soil water, remains unclear, which is crucial for urban ET regulation. Therefore, this study measured the actual ET rate of an urban lawn (ET<sub>lawn</sub>) using the Bowen ratio system and an urban tree (T<sub>tree</sub>) by a sap flow system in the hot summer of a subtropical megacity, Shenzhen. The results showed that the daily ET<sub>lawn</sub> was more restricted by energy (R<sub>s</sub>) and diffusion conditions (vapor pressure deficit, VPD), while the daily T<sub>tree</sub> was more restricted by VPD and relative extractable water (REW) in the urban area. The daily T<sub>tree</sub> decreased when the REW was lower than 0.18, while the daily ET<sub>lawn</sub> started to decrease when it was lower than 0.14. When REW was lower than 0.11, the T<sub>tree</sub> stayed at a relatively low level. The impacts of VPD was more evident on the diurnal T<sub>tree</sub> than on the diurnal ET<sub>lawn</sub>. Wind speed had a scarce impact as it was relatively low in urban areas. This study clarifies the different responses of ET<sub>lawn</sub> and T<sub>tree</sub> to meteorological factors and soil water based on actual ET. The results are of great significance for the knowledge of urban forestry and urban hydrology.
format	article
author	Zhendong Zou Chunhua Yan Leiyu Yu Xianchenghao Jiang Jinshan Ding Junjie Ding Guoyu Qiu
author_facet	Zhendong Zou Chunhua Yan Leiyu Yu Xianchenghao Jiang Jinshan Ding Junjie Ding Guoyu Qiu
author_sort	Zhendong Zou
title	Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
title_short	Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
title_full	Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
title_fullStr	Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
title_full_unstemmed	Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity
title_sort	different responses of evapotranspiration rates of urban lawn and tree to meteorological factors and soil water in hot summer in a subtropical megacity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/db5152e57b434497b938c2e75d397bef
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_version_	1718412197959303168

Different Responses of Evapotranspiration Rates of Urban Lawn and Tree to Meteorological Factors and Soil Water in Hot Summer in a Subtropical Megacity

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