Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study
Xiacan Chen,1 Wanjun Guo,2 Liangming Yu,2 Dan Luo,2 Leling Xie,2 Jiajun Xu2 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, C...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:db64747825de44b591be262df39749312021-12-02T19:11:49ZAssociation Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/db64747825de44b591be262df39749312021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/association-between-anxious-symptom-severity-and-olfactory-impairment--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Xiacan Chen,1 Wanjun Guo,2 Liangming Yu,2 Dan Luo,2 Leling Xie,2 Jiajun Xu2 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiajun XuMental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xujiajun120@126.comObjective: The findings of olfaction are inconsistent in anxiety disorders, and few studies have reported on the olfactory performance in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, we aim to investigate the olfactory function of patients with GAD and the association between olfactory function and anxiety symptoms.Methods: We conducted a case–control study by selecting 107 patients with GAD and 107 healthy controls matched for sex and age, to investigate olfaction deficits in GAD and the association between anxiety severity and olfaction. All patients were treatment-naïve prior to the inclusion. Anxiety severity and olfaction were assessed by the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and the Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST), respectively. Partial correlations were used to analyze the relationship between olfaction and anxiety severity. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was used in multi-correlation analyses.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients in the GAD group demonstrated odor threshold, discrimination and identification deficits. In the moderate/severe anxiety subgroup, discrimination score was significantly and inversely correlated with the somatic anxiety score (γ=− 0.44, q = 0.03), and identification score was significantly and inversely correlated with the HAM-A total score (γ=− 0.42, q= 0.04). The TDI score (the sum of threshold, discrimination and identification scores) was significantly and inversely correlated with the somatic (γ=− 0.44, q = 0.04) and psychic (γ=− 0.45, q = 0.04) anxiety scores in the moderate/severe anxiety subgroup.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the olfactory impairment in patients with GAD and that poorer odor discrimination was correlated with greater severity of somatic anxiety.Keywords: GAD, olfaction, symptomChen XGuo WYu LLuo DXie LXu JDove Medical PressarticlegadolfactionsymptomNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 2877-2883 (2021) |
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gad olfaction symptom Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 |
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gad olfaction symptom Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Chen X Guo W Yu L Luo D Xie L Xu J Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| description |
Xiacan Chen,1 Wanjun Guo,2 Liangming Yu,2 Dan Luo,2 Leling Xie,2 Jiajun Xu2 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiajun XuMental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xujiajun120@126.comObjective: The findings of olfaction are inconsistent in anxiety disorders, and few studies have reported on the olfactory performance in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, we aim to investigate the olfactory function of patients with GAD and the association between olfactory function and anxiety symptoms.Methods: We conducted a case–control study by selecting 107 patients with GAD and 107 healthy controls matched for sex and age, to investigate olfaction deficits in GAD and the association between anxiety severity and olfaction. All patients were treatment-naïve prior to the inclusion. Anxiety severity and olfaction were assessed by the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and the Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST), respectively. Partial correlations were used to analyze the relationship between olfaction and anxiety severity. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was used in multi-correlation analyses.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients in the GAD group demonstrated odor threshold, discrimination and identification deficits. In the moderate/severe anxiety subgroup, discrimination score was significantly and inversely correlated with the somatic anxiety score (γ=− 0.44, q = 0.03), and identification score was significantly and inversely correlated with the HAM-A total score (γ=− 0.42, q= 0.04). The TDI score (the sum of threshold, discrimination and identification scores) was significantly and inversely correlated with the somatic (γ=− 0.44, q = 0.04) and psychic (γ=− 0.45, q = 0.04) anxiety scores in the moderate/severe anxiety subgroup.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the olfactory impairment in patients with GAD and that poorer odor discrimination was correlated with greater severity of somatic anxiety.Keywords: GAD, olfaction, symptom |
| format |
article |
| author |
Chen X Guo W Yu L Luo D Xie L Xu J |
| author_facet |
Chen X Guo W Yu L Luo D Xie L Xu J |
| author_sort |
Chen X |
| title |
Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| title_short |
Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full |
Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| title_fullStr |
Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Association Between Anxious Symptom Severity and Olfactory Impairment in Young Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case–Control Study |
| title_sort |
association between anxious symptom severity and olfactory impairment in young adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a case–control study |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/db64747825de44b591be262df3974931 |
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