Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning

The aims of this study are: (1) to identify morphological asymmetries in road cycling by using a novel 3D scanning method and electrical bioimpedance, (2) to investigate possible asymmetries in road cyclists of low (LPG) and high (HPG) performance group, (3) to compare the number of morphological as...

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Autores principales:	Samo Rauter, Jozef Simenko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	road cycling morphological asymmetries 3D body scanning competition performance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db80ea897f9d4e9cbf6f81994bc2dd7f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db80ea897f9d4e9cbf6f81994bc2dd7f2021-11-25T16:47:55ZMorphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning10.3390/biology101111992079-7737https://doaj.org/article/db80ea897f9d4e9cbf6f81994bc2dd7f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1199https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The aims of this study are: (1) to identify morphological asymmetries in road cycling by using a novel 3D scanning method and electrical bioimpedance, (2) to investigate possible asymmetries in road cyclists of low (LPG) and high (HPG) performance group, (3) to compare the number of morphological asymmetries between HPG and LPG of cyclists, and (4) to explore correlations between asymmetry scores and competition performance. Body composition and 3D anthropometric measurements were conducted on 48 top-level male road cyclists (178.98 ± 5.39 cm; 68.37 ± 5.31 kg) divided into high (<i>n</i> = 22) and low (<i>n</i> = 26) performance groups. Competition performance (CP) is represented through racing points gathered at the end of the competition season. The latter was used to divide road cyclists into low- and high-performing groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between groups, while paired-samples T-test and Absolute Asymmetry index (AA) were calculated (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for paired variables inside the groups, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to explore correlations between AA and CP. Results showed statistically significant differences between the left and right side of different body segments (16 paired variables) among low-performing road cyclists in five paired variables of the upper body: elbow girth (4.35, <i>p</i> = 0.000), forearm girth (6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.000), arm surface area (2.54, <i>p</i> = 0.018), and arm volume (2.71, <i>p</i> = 0.012); and six paired variables of the lower body: leg lean mass (5.85, <i>p</i> = 0.000), leg length (3.04, <i>p</i> = 0.005), knee girth (4.93, <i>p</i> = 0.000), calf girth (5.25, <i>p</i> = 0.000), leg surface area (4.03, <i>p</i> = 0.000), and leg volume (5.3, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Altogether, the high-performing group of road cyclists statistically differed only in 2 out of 16 paired variables of the upper body: elbow girth (4.93, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and in forearm girth (5.12, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Low- and high-performing groups were statistically significantly different in the asymmetry of leg lean mass <i>F</i>(1,46) = 6.25, <i>p</i> = 0.016 and asymmetry of the calf girth <i>F</i>(1,46) = 7.44, <i>p</i> = 0.009. AA of calf girth on the total sample (<i>n</i> = 48) showed a significant correlation with CP (<i>r</i> = −0.461; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In conclusion, the study’s main finding was that high-performance road cyclists are more symmetrical than the low-performance group, for which it is significant to have a higher amount of morphological asymmetries.Samo RauterJozef SimenkoMDPI AGarticleroad cyclingmorphological asymmetries3D body scanningcompetition performanceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1199, p 1199 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	road cycling morphological asymmetries 3D body scanning competition performance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	road cycling morphological asymmetries 3D body scanning competition performance Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Samo Rauter Jozef Simenko Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
description	The aims of this study are: (1) to identify morphological asymmetries in road cycling by using a novel 3D scanning method and electrical bioimpedance, (2) to investigate possible asymmetries in road cyclists of low (LPG) and high (HPG) performance group, (3) to compare the number of morphological asymmetries between HPG and LPG of cyclists, and (4) to explore correlations between asymmetry scores and competition performance. Body composition and 3D anthropometric measurements were conducted on 48 top-level male road cyclists (178.98 ± 5.39 cm; 68.37 ± 5.31 kg) divided into high (<i>n</i> = 22) and low (<i>n</i> = 26) performance groups. Competition performance (CP) is represented through racing points gathered at the end of the competition season. The latter was used to divide road cyclists into low- and high-performing groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between groups, while paired-samples T-test and Absolute Asymmetry index (AA) were calculated (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for paired variables inside the groups, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to explore correlations between AA and CP. Results showed statistically significant differences between the left and right side of different body segments (16 paired variables) among low-performing road cyclists in five paired variables of the upper body: elbow girth (4.35, <i>p</i> = 0.000), forearm girth (6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.000), arm surface area (2.54, <i>p</i> = 0.018), and arm volume (2.71, <i>p</i> = 0.012); and six paired variables of the lower body: leg lean mass (5.85, <i>p</i> = 0.000), leg length (3.04, <i>p</i> = 0.005), knee girth (4.93, <i>p</i> = 0.000), calf girth (5.25, <i>p</i> = 0.000), leg surface area (4.03, <i>p</i> = 0.000), and leg volume (5.3, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Altogether, the high-performing group of road cyclists statistically differed only in 2 out of 16 paired variables of the upper body: elbow girth (4.93, <i>p</i> = 0.000) and in forearm girth (5.12, <i>p</i> = 0.000). Low- and high-performing groups were statistically significantly different in the asymmetry of leg lean mass <i>F</i>(1,46) = 6.25, <i>p</i> = 0.016 and asymmetry of the calf girth <i>F</i>(1,46) = 7.44, <i>p</i> = 0.009. AA of calf girth on the total sample (<i>n</i> = 48) showed a significant correlation with CP (<i>r</i> = −0.461; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In conclusion, the study’s main finding was that high-performance road cyclists are more symmetrical than the low-performance group, for which it is significant to have a higher amount of morphological asymmetries.
format	article
author	Samo Rauter Jozef Simenko
author_facet	Samo Rauter Jozef Simenko
author_sort	Samo Rauter
title	Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
title_short	Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
title_full	Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
title_fullStr	Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning
title_sort	morphological asymmetries profile and the difference between low- and high-performing road cyclists using 3d scanning
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/db80ea897f9d4e9cbf6f81994bc2dd7f
work_keys_str_mv	AT samorauter morphologicalasymmetriesprofileandthedifferencebetweenlowandhighperformingroadcyclistsusing3dscanning AT jozefsimenko morphologicalasymmetriesprofileandthedifferencebetweenlowandhighperformingroadcyclistsusing3dscanning
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Morphological Asymmetries Profile and the Difference between Low- and High-Performing Road Cyclists Using 3D Scanning

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