Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles

Saud Alarifi1, Daoud Ali,1 Saad Alkahtani,1 Ankit Verma,2 Maqusood Ahamed,3 Mukhtar Ahmed,4 Hisham A Alhadlaq3,5 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India; 3King Abdullah Institute for...

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Autores principales:	Alarifi S, Ali D, Alkahtani S, Verma A, Ahamed M, Ahmed M, Alhadlaq HA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db8b5d5a12bb4249941b7b396e1db3a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db8b5d5a12bb4249941b7b396e1db3a72021-12-02T05:26:36ZInduction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/db8b5d5a12bb4249941b7b396e1db3a72013-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/induction-of-oxidative-stress-dna-damage-and-apoptosis-in-a-malignant--a12403https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Saud Alarifi1, Daoud Ali,1 Saad Alkahtani,1 Ankit Verma,2 Maqusood Ahamed,3 Mukhtar Ahmed,4 Hisham A Alhadlaq3,5 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India; 3King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Transmission Electron Microscope Unit, Research Centre, (Central Lab) College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract: The widespread use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles worldwide exposes humans to their adverse effects, so it is important to understand their biological effects and any associated risks. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by ZnO nanoparticles in human skin melanoma (A375) cells. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] and lactate dehydrogenase-based cell viability assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles, and phase contrast images revealed that cells treated with these nanoparticles had a lower density and a rounded morphology. ZnO nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress, evidenced by generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant, glutathione. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by chromosomal condensation assay and caspase-3 activation. Further, more DNA damage was observed in cells exposed to the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles have genotoxic potential in A375 cells, which may be mediated via oxidative stress. Our short-term exposure study showing induction of a genotoxic and apoptotic response to ZnO nanoparticles needs further investigation to determine whether there may be consequences of long-term exposure to ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticles, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damageAlarifi SAli DAlkahtani SVerma AAhamed MAhmed MAlhadlaq HADove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 983-993 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Alarifi S Ali D Alkahtani S Verma A Ahamed M Ahmed M Alhadlaq HA Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
description	Saud Alarifi1, Daoud Ali,1 Saad Alkahtani,1 Ankit Verma,2 Maqusood Ahamed,3 Mukhtar Ahmed,4 Hisham A Alhadlaq3,5 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India; 3King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Transmission Electron Microscope Unit, Research Centre, (Central Lab) College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract: The widespread use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles worldwide exposes humans to their adverse effects, so it is important to understand their biological effects and any associated risks. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by ZnO nanoparticles in human skin melanoma (A375) cells. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] and lactate dehydrogenase-based cell viability assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles, and phase contrast images revealed that cells treated with these nanoparticles had a lower density and a rounded morphology. ZnO nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress, evidenced by generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant, glutathione. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by chromosomal condensation assay and caspase-3 activation. Further, more DNA damage was observed in cells exposed to the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles have genotoxic potential in A375 cells, which may be mediated via oxidative stress. Our short-term exposure study showing induction of a genotoxic and apoptotic response to ZnO nanoparticles needs further investigation to determine whether there may be consequences of long-term exposure to ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticles, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage
format	article
author	Alarifi S Ali D Alkahtani S Verma A Ahamed M Ahmed M Alhadlaq HA
author_facet	Alarifi S Ali D Alkahtani S Verma A Ahamed M Ahmed M Alhadlaq HA
author_sort	Alarifi S
title	Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
title_short	Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
title_full	Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
title_sort	induction of oxidative stress, dna damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/db8b5d5a12bb4249941b7b396e1db3a7
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Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in a malignant human skin melanoma cell line after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles

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