Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study

Abstract Empathy is a multifaceted phenomenon that is difficult to measure. Self-report questionnaires are the most common and well-validated measures while currently no validated protein biomarkers associated with the empathic reaction have been established. Trigger films have been previously used...

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Autores principales:	Christoph Zenzmaier, Jessie Janssen, Christoph Zulmin, Philipp Österreicher, Lea Heinrich, Gerhard Tucek, Susanne Perkhofer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db9602c6917b4a1f90b7deb9066355f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db9602c6917b4a1f90b7deb9066355f92021-12-02T14:53:34ZResponse of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study10.1038/s41598-021-95337-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/db9602c6917b4a1f90b7deb9066355f92021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95337-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Empathy is a multifaceted phenomenon that is difficult to measure. Self-report questionnaires are the most common and well-validated measures while currently no validated protein biomarkers associated with the empathic reaction have been established. Trigger films have been previously used in psychological research to evoke emotions. Thus, in the present randomized cross-over study we investigated the responses of nine salivary biomarkers that have been related to emotions and stress following an empathy triggering and a control film sequence. Additionally, questionnaires for empathy (Saarbrucken Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)) and current mental stress were applied and participants were asked to assess the film protagonists’ emotions using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Data from 46 participants were included in the analysis. α-Amylase, IgA, IL-1β and estradiol showed a significantly different response between the empathy and control intervention. Moreover, normalized levels of these biomarkers significantly correlated with single scales of the SPQ (control film sequence: α-amylase and IgA with personal distress; estradiol with empathic concern; IL-1β with fantasy; empathy triggering film sequence: IgA with empathic concern, fantasy and the total empathy score). These findings indicated that the observed changes in salivary biomarker levels were reflective of a physiological response to the empathy triggering film sequence. Future studies using different triggers and settings will show if the identified biomarkers can be considered as surrogate markers for empathic reactions in general.Christoph ZenzmaierJessie JanssenChristoph ZulminPhilipp ÖsterreicherLea HeinrichGerhard TucekSusanne PerkhoferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christoph Zenzmaier Jessie Janssen Christoph Zulmin Philipp Österreicher Lea Heinrich Gerhard Tucek Susanne Perkhofer Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
description	Abstract Empathy is a multifaceted phenomenon that is difficult to measure. Self-report questionnaires are the most common and well-validated measures while currently no validated protein biomarkers associated with the empathic reaction have been established. Trigger films have been previously used in psychological research to evoke emotions. Thus, in the present randomized cross-over study we investigated the responses of nine salivary biomarkers that have been related to emotions and stress following an empathy triggering and a control film sequence. Additionally, questionnaires for empathy (Saarbrucken Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)) and current mental stress were applied and participants were asked to assess the film protagonists’ emotions using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Data from 46 participants were included in the analysis. α-Amylase, IgA, IL-1β and estradiol showed a significantly different response between the empathy and control intervention. Moreover, normalized levels of these biomarkers significantly correlated with single scales of the SPQ (control film sequence: α-amylase and IgA with personal distress; estradiol with empathic concern; IL-1β with fantasy; empathy triggering film sequence: IgA with empathic concern, fantasy and the total empathy score). These findings indicated that the observed changes in salivary biomarker levels were reflective of a physiological response to the empathy triggering film sequence. Future studies using different triggers and settings will show if the identified biomarkers can be considered as surrogate markers for empathic reactions in general.
format	article
author	Christoph Zenzmaier Jessie Janssen Christoph Zulmin Philipp Österreicher Lea Heinrich Gerhard Tucek Susanne Perkhofer
author_facet	Christoph Zenzmaier Jessie Janssen Christoph Zulmin Philipp Österreicher Lea Heinrich Gerhard Tucek Susanne Perkhofer
author_sort	Christoph Zenzmaier
title	Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
title_short	Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
title_full	Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
title_fullStr	Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
title_full_unstemmed	Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
title_sort	response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/db9602c6917b4a1f90b7deb9066355f9
work_keys_str_mv	AT christophzenzmaier responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT jessiejanssen responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT christophzulmin responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT philipposterreicher responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT leaheinrich responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT gerhardtucek responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy AT susanneperkhofer responseofsalivarybiomarkerstoanempathytriggeringfilmsequenceapilotstudy
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Response of salivary biomarkers to an empathy triggering film sequence—a pilot study

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