Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon

Abstract Previous research suggests that the moment arm of the m. triceps surae tendon (i.e., Achilles tendon), is positively correlated with the energetic cost of running. This relationship is derived from a model which predicts that shorter ankle moment arms place larger loads on the Achilles tend...

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Autores principales:	A. D. Foster, B. Block, F. Capobianco, J. T. Peabody, N. A. Puleo, A. Vegas, J. W. Young
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dba0f12dd4cf4ef3aa8ecd663a2628d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dba0f12dd4cf4ef3aa8ecd663a2628d72021-12-02T13:41:00ZShorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon10.1038/s41598-021-88774-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/dba0f12dd4cf4ef3aa8ecd663a2628d72021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88774-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Previous research suggests that the moment arm of the m. triceps surae tendon (i.e., Achilles tendon), is positively correlated with the energetic cost of running. This relationship is derived from a model which predicts that shorter ankle moment arms place larger loads on the Achilles tendon, which should result in a greater amount of elastic energy storage and return. However, previous research has not empirically tested this assumed relationship. We test this hypothesis using an inverse dynamics approach in human subjects (n = 24) at speeds ranging from walking to sprinting. The spring function of the Achilles tendon was evaluated using specific net work, a metric of mechanical energy production versus absorption at a limb joint. We also combined kinematic and morphological data to directly estimate tendon stress and elastic energy storage. We find that moment arm length significantly determines the spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon, as well as estimates of mass-specific tendon stress and elastic energy storage at running and sprinting speeds. Our results provide support for the relationship between short Achilles tendon moment arms and increased elastic energy storage, providing an empirical mechanical rationale for previous studies demonstrating a relationship between calcaneal length and running economy. We also demonstrate that speed and kinematics moderate tendon performance, suggesting a complex relationship between lower limb geometry and foot strike pattern.A. D. FosterB. BlockF. CapobiancoJ. T. PeabodyN. A. PuleoA. VegasJ. W. YoungNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. D. Foster B. Block F. Capobianco J. T. Peabody N. A. Puleo A. Vegas J. W. Young Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
description	Abstract Previous research suggests that the moment arm of the m. triceps surae tendon (i.e., Achilles tendon), is positively correlated with the energetic cost of running. This relationship is derived from a model which predicts that shorter ankle moment arms place larger loads on the Achilles tendon, which should result in a greater amount of elastic energy storage and return. However, previous research has not empirically tested this assumed relationship. We test this hypothesis using an inverse dynamics approach in human subjects (n = 24) at speeds ranging from walking to sprinting. The spring function of the Achilles tendon was evaluated using specific net work, a metric of mechanical energy production versus absorption at a limb joint. We also combined kinematic and morphological data to directly estimate tendon stress and elastic energy storage. We find that moment arm length significantly determines the spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon, as well as estimates of mass-specific tendon stress and elastic energy storage at running and sprinting speeds. Our results provide support for the relationship between short Achilles tendon moment arms and increased elastic energy storage, providing an empirical mechanical rationale for previous studies demonstrating a relationship between calcaneal length and running economy. We also demonstrate that speed and kinematics moderate tendon performance, suggesting a complex relationship between lower limb geometry and foot strike pattern.
format	article
author	A. D. Foster B. Block F. Capobianco J. T. Peabody N. A. Puleo A. Vegas J. W. Young
author_facet	A. D. Foster B. Block F. Capobianco J. T. Peabody N. A. Puleo A. Vegas J. W. Young
author_sort	A. D. Foster
title	Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
title_short	Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
title_full	Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
title_fullStr	Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
title_full_unstemmed	Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
title_sort	shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the achilles tendon
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dba0f12dd4cf4ef3aa8ecd663a2628d7
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Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon

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