Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer’s Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, a...

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Autores principales:	Rory J. Heath, Thomas R. Wood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	DHA omega-3 Alzheimer’s dementia neurodegeneration Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dbaff1d17ede42969ff211e31bf69bc9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dbaff1d17ede42969ff211e31bf69bc92021-11-11T17:15:45ZWhy Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue10.3390/ijms2221118261422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/dbaff1d17ede42969ff211e31bf69bc92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11826https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer’s Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, autopsy studies of Alzheimer’s Disease brain show variable DHA status, demonstrating that the relationship between DHA and neurodegeneration is complex and not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that the forms of DHA in the diet and plasma have specific metabolic fates that may affect brain uptake; however, the effect of DHA form on brain uptake is less pronounced in studies of longer duration. One major confounder of studies relating dietary DHA and Alzheimer’s Disease may be that adipose tissue acts as a long-term depot of DHA for the brain, but this is poorly understood in the context of neurodegeneration. Future work is required to develop biomarkers of brain DHA and better understand DHA-based therapies in the setting of altered brain DHA uptake to help determine whether brain DHA should remain an important target in the prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease.Rory J. HeathThomas R. WoodMDPI AGarticleDHAomega-3Alzheimer’sdementianeurodegenerationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11826, p 11826 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DHA omega-3 Alzheimer’s dementia neurodegeneration Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	DHA omega-3 Alzheimer’s dementia neurodegeneration Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Rory J. Heath Thomas R. Wood Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
description	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer’s Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, autopsy studies of Alzheimer’s Disease brain show variable DHA status, demonstrating that the relationship between DHA and neurodegeneration is complex and not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that the forms of DHA in the diet and plasma have specific metabolic fates that may affect brain uptake; however, the effect of DHA form on brain uptake is less pronounced in studies of longer duration. One major confounder of studies relating dietary DHA and Alzheimer’s Disease may be that adipose tissue acts as a long-term depot of DHA for the brain, but this is poorly understood in the context of neurodegeneration. Future work is required to develop biomarkers of brain DHA and better understand DHA-based therapies in the setting of altered brain DHA uptake to help determine whether brain DHA should remain an important target in the prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease.
format	article
author	Rory J. Heath Thomas R. Wood
author_facet	Rory J. Heath Thomas R. Wood
author_sort	Rory J. Heath
title	Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
title_short	Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
title_full	Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
title_fullStr	Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
title_full_unstemmed	Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue
title_sort	why have the benefits of dha not been borne out in the treatment and prevention of alzheimer’s disease? a narrative review focused on dha metabolism and adipose tissue
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dbaff1d17ede42969ff211e31bf69bc9
work_keys_str_mv	AT roryjheath whyhavethebenefitsofdhanotbeenborneoutinthetreatmentandpreventionofalzheimersdiseaseanarrativereviewfocusedondhametabolismandadiposetissue AT thomasrwood whyhavethebenefitsofdhanotbeenborneoutinthetreatmentandpreventionofalzheimersdiseaseanarrativereviewfocusedondhametabolismandadiposetissue
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Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue

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