Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown

As a consequence of the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) child care facilities all over the world were temporarily closed to minimize the spread of the virus. In Netherlands, the first closure lasted for almost 2 months. The return to the child care center after this significant i...

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Autores principales:	Sanne M. de Vet, Claudia I. Vrijhof, Shelley M. C. van der Veek, Jane M. Pieplenbosch, Hedwig J. A. van Bakel, Harriet J. Vermeer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	re-entering center-based child care child and parental distress COVID-19 early childhood parental anxiety Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc147dc5429b4bafa86b8cab367afb93
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc147dc5429b4bafa86b8cab367afb932021-11-05T15:44:50ZChild Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.718898https://doaj.org/article/dc147dc5429b4bafa86b8cab367afb932021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718898/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078As a consequence of the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) child care facilities all over the world were temporarily closed to minimize the spread of the virus. In Netherlands, the first closure lasted for almost 2 months. The return to the child care center after this significant interruption was expected to be challenging, because earlier studies demonstrated that transitions into child care can be stressful for both children and their parents. The current paper retrospectively examined the distress of Dutch children (aged 0–4) and their parents during the first 2 weeks after the reopening of child care centers, and what factors accounted for individual differences in distress. In total, 694 parents filled out an online questionnaire about stress during closure and distress after the reopening of child care centers. Furthermore, questions regarding several demographic variables and child care characteristics were included, as well as questionnaires measuring child temperament, parental separation anxiety, and parental perception of the child care quality. Results showed that younger children and children with parents scoring higher on separation anxiety experienced more distress after the reopening, as reported by parents. Furthermore, children were more distressed upon return when they attended the child care center for less hours per week after the reopening, experienced less stress during closure, and grew up in a one-parent family. With regard to parental distress after the reopening, we found that parents scoring higher on separation anxiety and fear of COVID-19 experienced more distress. Moreover, parents experiencing less stress during closure and mothers were more distressed when the child returned to the child care center. Finally, concurrent child and parental distress after reopening were positively related. The results of the current study may help professional caregivers to identify which children and parents benefit from extra support when children return to the child care center after an interruption. Especially the role that parental separation anxiety played in predicting both child and parental distress deserves attention. More research is required in order to study the underlying mechanisms of these associations and to design appropriate interventions.Sanne M. de VetClaudia I. VrijhofShelley M. C. van der VeekJane M. PieplenboschHedwig J. A. van BakelHarriet J. VermeerFrontiers Media S.A.articlere-entering center-based child carechild and parental distressCOVID-19early childhoodparental anxietyPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	re-entering center-based child care child and parental distress COVID-19 early childhood parental anxiety Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	re-entering center-based child care child and parental distress COVID-19 early childhood parental anxiety Psychology BF1-990 Sanne M. de Vet Claudia I. Vrijhof Shelley M. C. van der Veek Jane M. Pieplenbosch Hedwig J. A. van Bakel Harriet J. Vermeer Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
description	As a consequence of the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) child care facilities all over the world were temporarily closed to minimize the spread of the virus. In Netherlands, the first closure lasted for almost 2 months. The return to the child care center after this significant interruption was expected to be challenging, because earlier studies demonstrated that transitions into child care can be stressful for both children and their parents. The current paper retrospectively examined the distress of Dutch children (aged 0–4) and their parents during the first 2 weeks after the reopening of child care centers, and what factors accounted for individual differences in distress. In total, 694 parents filled out an online questionnaire about stress during closure and distress after the reopening of child care centers. Furthermore, questions regarding several demographic variables and child care characteristics were included, as well as questionnaires measuring child temperament, parental separation anxiety, and parental perception of the child care quality. Results showed that younger children and children with parents scoring higher on separation anxiety experienced more distress after the reopening, as reported by parents. Furthermore, children were more distressed upon return when they attended the child care center for less hours per week after the reopening, experienced less stress during closure, and grew up in a one-parent family. With regard to parental distress after the reopening, we found that parents scoring higher on separation anxiety and fear of COVID-19 experienced more distress. Moreover, parents experiencing less stress during closure and mothers were more distressed when the child returned to the child care center. Finally, concurrent child and parental distress after reopening were positively related. The results of the current study may help professional caregivers to identify which children and parents benefit from extra support when children return to the child care center after an interruption. Especially the role that parental separation anxiety played in predicting both child and parental distress deserves attention. More research is required in order to study the underlying mechanisms of these associations and to design appropriate interventions.
format	article
author	Sanne M. de Vet Claudia I. Vrijhof Shelley M. C. van der Veek Jane M. Pieplenbosch Hedwig J. A. van Bakel Harriet J. Vermeer
author_facet	Sanne M. de Vet Claudia I. Vrijhof Shelley M. C. van der Veek Jane M. Pieplenbosch Hedwig J. A. van Bakel Harriet J. Vermeer
author_sort	Sanne M. de Vet
title	Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
title_short	Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
title_full	Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
title_fullStr	Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
title_full_unstemmed	Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown
title_sort	child care in times of covid-19: predictors of distress in dutch children and parents when re-entering center-based child care after a 2-month lockdown
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc147dc5429b4bafa86b8cab367afb93
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Child Care in Times of COVID-19: Predictors of Distress in Dutch Children and Parents When Re-entering Center-Based Child Care After a 2-Month Lockdown

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