Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Basma Damiri,1 Omar A Safarini,2 Zaher Nazzal,2 Ahmad Abuhassan,3 Ahmad Farhoud,2 Nesma Ghanim,4 Rayyan Al Ali,5 Mirvat Suhail,2 Mohammad Qino,2 Mohammad Zamareh,2 Ammar Thabaleh,2 Jihad Zahran2 1Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University,...

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Autores principales:	Damiri B, Safarini OA, Nazzal Z, Abuhassan A, Farhoud A, Ghanim N, Al Ali R, Suhail M, Qino M, Zamareh M, Thabaleh A, Zahran J
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	cognitive enhancers psychostimulants eating disorders tobacco smoking water-pipe smoking Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc38248759fb409d969d8e7f592a0a3c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc38248759fb409d969d8e7f592a0a3c2021-12-02T16:51:55ZEating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/dc38248759fb409d969d8e7f592a0a3c2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/eating-disorders-and-the-use-of-cognitive-enhancers-and-psychostimulan-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Basma Damiri,1 Omar A Safarini,2 Zaher Nazzal,2 Ahmad Abuhassan,3 Ahmad Farhoud,2 Nesma Ghanim,4 Rayyan Al Ali,5 Mirvat Suhail,2 Mohammad Qino,2 Mohammad Zamareh,2 Ammar Thabaleh,2 Jihad Zahran2 1Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 2Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 3An-Najah National University Hospital, Department of Neurology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 4Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 5Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Forensic Medicine Institute, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, PalestineCorrespondence: Basma DamiriFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Drug and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, 00970, PalestineTel +972592234270Email bdamiri@najah.eduBackground: University students, who are at risk of eating disorders (ED), are more liable to use cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants to improve their cognitive functions and lose weight. ED in Palestinian male students is a neglected health issue. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the association between ED and cognitive enhancers, and psychostimulants use among An-Najah National University students (ANNU).Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at ANNU, 1047 students completed anonymous surveys for cognitive enhancers practice, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Sick, Control, One, Fat and FOOD (SCOFF) screening tests.Results: The prevalence of ED among ANNU students was 21.2% based on EAT-26 (17.1% in males, 23.8% in females) and 31.5% based on SCOFF (24.0% in males, 36.3% in females). The binary logistic regression revealed that students at risk to have ED were water-pipe smokers (OR: 1.471, p-value 0.047), especially males, while students who were less likely to have ED were males (OR: 0.341, p-value< 0.001), coffee users (OR: 0.581, p-value 0.014) and chocolate users (OR: 0.530, p-value 0.041) than nonusers. Moreover, the risk of ED increased with increasing body mass index (p-value< 0.01). Clinical medical students showed the lowest prevalence (11.1%) compared to preclinical (22.5%), health sciences (23.7%), and non-medical students (20.9%) (p-value 0.059).Conclusion: Our findings highlight water-pipe smoking as a significant health problem in males with ED, which may require unique treatment and prevention strategies. Moreover, coffee and chocolate consumption were associated with decreased risk of ED, only among males. The gender-gap in ED prevalence was very narrow compared to international results. These results prompt the need to focus on both genders in future studies instead of females. They also suggest the urgent need to address ED among Palestinian university students by educating students about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help.Keywords: cognitive enhancers, psychostimulants, eating disorders, tobacco smoking, water-pipe smokingDamiri BSafarini OANazzal ZAbuhassan AFarhoud AGhanim NAl Ali RSuhail MQino MZamareh MThabaleh AZahran JDove Medical Pressarticlecognitive enhancerspsychostimulantseating disorderstobacco smokingwater-pipe smokingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 1633-1645 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cognitive enhancers psychostimulants eating disorders tobacco smoking water-pipe smoking Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	cognitive enhancers psychostimulants eating disorders tobacco smoking water-pipe smoking Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Damiri B Safarini OA Nazzal Z Abuhassan A Farhoud A Ghanim N Al Ali R Suhail M Qino M Zamareh M Thabaleh A Zahran J Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
description	Basma Damiri,1 Omar A Safarini,2 Zaher Nazzal,2 Ahmad Abuhassan,3 Ahmad Farhoud,2 Nesma Ghanim,4 Rayyan Al Ali,5 Mirvat Suhail,2 Mohammad Qino,2 Mohammad Zamareh,2 Ammar Thabaleh,2 Jihad Zahran2 1Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 2Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 3An-Najah National University Hospital, Department of Neurology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 4Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine; 5Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Forensic Medicine Institute, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, PalestineCorrespondence: Basma DamiriFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Drug and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, 00970, PalestineTel +972592234270Email bdamiri@najah.eduBackground: University students, who are at risk of eating disorders (ED), are more liable to use cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants to improve their cognitive functions and lose weight. ED in Palestinian male students is a neglected health issue. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the association between ED and cognitive enhancers, and psychostimulants use among An-Najah National University students (ANNU).Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at ANNU, 1047 students completed anonymous surveys for cognitive enhancers practice, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Sick, Control, One, Fat and FOOD (SCOFF) screening tests.Results: The prevalence of ED among ANNU students was 21.2% based on EAT-26 (17.1% in males, 23.8% in females) and 31.5% based on SCOFF (24.0% in males, 36.3% in females). The binary logistic regression revealed that students at risk to have ED were water-pipe smokers (OR: 1.471, p-value 0.047), especially males, while students who were less likely to have ED were males (OR: 0.341, p-value< 0.001), coffee users (OR: 0.581, p-value 0.014) and chocolate users (OR: 0.530, p-value 0.041) than nonusers. Moreover, the risk of ED increased with increasing body mass index (p-value< 0.01). Clinical medical students showed the lowest prevalence (11.1%) compared to preclinical (22.5%), health sciences (23.7%), and non-medical students (20.9%) (p-value 0.059).Conclusion: Our findings highlight water-pipe smoking as a significant health problem in males with ED, which may require unique treatment and prevention strategies. Moreover, coffee and chocolate consumption were associated with decreased risk of ED, only among males. The gender-gap in ED prevalence was very narrow compared to international results. These results prompt the need to focus on both genders in future studies instead of females. They also suggest the urgent need to address ED among Palestinian university students by educating students about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help.Keywords: cognitive enhancers, psychostimulants, eating disorders, tobacco smoking, water-pipe smoking
format	article
author	Damiri B Safarini OA Nazzal Z Abuhassan A Farhoud A Ghanim N Al Ali R Suhail M Qino M Zamareh M Thabaleh A Zahran J
author_facet	Damiri B Safarini OA Nazzal Z Abuhassan A Farhoud A Ghanim N Al Ali R Suhail M Qino M Zamareh M Thabaleh A Zahran J
author_sort	Damiri B
title	Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short	Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full	Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr	Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed	Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort	eating disorders and the use of cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants among university students: a cross-sectional study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc38248759fb409d969d8e7f592a0a3c
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Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

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