Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.

Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay, ending up genetically degenerated, as has happened in birds and mammals. Why are then sex chromosomes so often homomorphic in cold-blooded vertebrates? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events, replacing ma...

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Autores principales:	Matthias Stöck, Agnès Horn, Christine Grossen, Dorothea Lindtke, Roberto Sermier, Caroline Betto-Colliard, Christophe Dufresnes, Emmanuel Bonjour, Zoé Dumas, Emilien Luquet, Tiziano Maddalena, Helena Clavero Sousa, Iñigo Martinez-Solano, Nicolas Perrin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc3bcd6ef77a441d8134355a6fdcbcd9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc3bcd6ef77a441d8134355a6fdcbcd92021-11-18T05:36:11ZEver-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001062https://doaj.org/article/dc3bcd6ef77a441d8134355a6fdcbcd92011-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21629756/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay, ending up genetically degenerated, as has happened in birds and mammals. Why are then sex chromosomes so often homomorphic in cold-blooded vertebrates? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events, replacing master sex-determining genes by new ones on other chromosomes. An alternative is that X-Y similarity is maintained by occasional recombination events, occurring in sex-reversed XY females. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, we estimated the divergence times between European tree frogs (Hyla arborea, H. intermedia, and H. molleri) to the upper Miocene, about 5.4-7.1 million years ago. Sibship analyses of microsatellite polymorphisms revealed that all three species have the same pair of sex chromosomes, with complete absence of X-Y recombination in males. Despite this, sequences of sex-linked loci show no divergence between the X and Y chromosomes. In the phylogeny, the X and Y alleles cluster according to species, not in groups of gametologs. We conclude that sex-chromosome homomorphy in these tree frogs does not result from a recent turnover but is maintained over evolutionary timescales by occasional X-Y recombination. Seemingly young sex chromosomes may thus carry old-established sex-determining genes, a result at odds with the view that sex chromosomes necessarily decay until they are replaced. This raises intriguing perspectives regarding the evolutionary dynamics of sexually antagonistic genes and the mechanisms that control X-Y recombination.Matthias StöckAgnès HornChristine GrossenDorothea LindtkeRoberto SermierCaroline Betto-ColliardChristophe DufresnesEmmanuel BonjourZoé DumasEmilien LuquetTiziano MaddalenaHelena Clavero SousaIñigo Martinez-SolanoNicolas PerrinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e1001062 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Matthias Stöck Agnès Horn Christine Grossen Dorothea Lindtke Roberto Sermier Caroline Betto-Colliard Christophe Dufresnes Emmanuel Bonjour Zoé Dumas Emilien Luquet Tiziano Maddalena Helena Clavero Sousa Iñigo Martinez-Solano Nicolas Perrin Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
description	Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay, ending up genetically degenerated, as has happened in birds and mammals. Why are then sex chromosomes so often homomorphic in cold-blooded vertebrates? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events, replacing master sex-determining genes by new ones on other chromosomes. An alternative is that X-Y similarity is maintained by occasional recombination events, occurring in sex-reversed XY females. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, we estimated the divergence times between European tree frogs (Hyla arborea, H. intermedia, and H. molleri) to the upper Miocene, about 5.4-7.1 million years ago. Sibship analyses of microsatellite polymorphisms revealed that all three species have the same pair of sex chromosomes, with complete absence of X-Y recombination in males. Despite this, sequences of sex-linked loci show no divergence between the X and Y chromosomes. In the phylogeny, the X and Y alleles cluster according to species, not in groups of gametologs. We conclude that sex-chromosome homomorphy in these tree frogs does not result from a recent turnover but is maintained over evolutionary timescales by occasional X-Y recombination. Seemingly young sex chromosomes may thus carry old-established sex-determining genes, a result at odds with the view that sex chromosomes necessarily decay until they are replaced. This raises intriguing perspectives regarding the evolutionary dynamics of sexually antagonistic genes and the mechanisms that control X-Y recombination.
format	article
author	Matthias Stöck Agnès Horn Christine Grossen Dorothea Lindtke Roberto Sermier Caroline Betto-Colliard Christophe Dufresnes Emmanuel Bonjour Zoé Dumas Emilien Luquet Tiziano Maddalena Helena Clavero Sousa Iñigo Martinez-Solano Nicolas Perrin
author_facet	Matthias Stöck Agnès Horn Christine Grossen Dorothea Lindtke Roberto Sermier Caroline Betto-Colliard Christophe Dufresnes Emmanuel Bonjour Zoé Dumas Emilien Luquet Tiziano Maddalena Helena Clavero Sousa Iñigo Martinez-Solano Nicolas Perrin
author_sort	Matthias Stöck
title	Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
title_short	Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
title_full	Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
title_fullStr	Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
title_full_unstemmed	Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.
title_sort	ever-young sex chromosomes in european tree frogs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc3bcd6ef77a441d8134355a6fdcbcd9
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Ever-young sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.

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