Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.

<h4>Background</h4>Most investigations regarding the first americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistenc...

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Autores principales:	Walter A Neves, Astolfo G M Araujo, Danilo V Bernardo, Renato Kipnis, James K Feathers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc456c92f82a437db3f9c3cd6c09d65b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc456c92f82a437db3f9c3cd6c09d65b2021-11-18T07:27:00ZRock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032228https://doaj.org/article/dc456c92f82a437db3f9c3cd6c09d65b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22384187/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Most investigations regarding the first americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition are exceedingly rare in the Americas.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we report a pecked anthropomorphic figure engraved in the bedrock of Lapa do Santo, an archaeological site located in Central Brazil. The horizontal projection of the radiocarbon ages obtained at the north profile suggests a minimum age of 9,370 ± 40 BP, (cal BP 10,700 to 10,500) for the petroglyph that is further supported by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from sediment in the same stratigraphic unit, located between two ages from 11.7 ± 0.8 ka BP to 9.9 ± 0.7 ka BP.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These data allow us to suggest that the anthropomorphic figure is the oldest reliably dated figurative petroglyph ever found in the New World, indicating that cultural variability during the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in South America was not restricted to stone tools and subsistence, but also encompassed the symbolic dimension.Walter A NevesAstolfo G M AraujoDanilo V BernardoRenato KipnisJames K FeathersPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e32228 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Walter A Neves Astolfo G M Araujo Danilo V Bernardo Renato Kipnis James K Feathers Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Most investigations regarding the first americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition are exceedingly rare in the Americas.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we report a pecked anthropomorphic figure engraved in the bedrock of Lapa do Santo, an archaeological site located in Central Brazil. The horizontal projection of the radiocarbon ages obtained at the north profile suggests a minimum age of 9,370 ± 40 BP, (cal BP 10,700 to 10,500) for the petroglyph that is further supported by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from sediment in the same stratigraphic unit, located between two ages from 11.7 ± 0.8 ka BP to 9.9 ± 0.7 ka BP.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These data allow us to suggest that the anthropomorphic figure is the oldest reliably dated figurative petroglyph ever found in the New World, indicating that cultural variability during the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in South America was not restricted to stone tools and subsistence, but also encompassed the symbolic dimension.
format	article
author	Walter A Neves Astolfo G M Araujo Danilo V Bernardo Renato Kipnis James K Feathers
author_facet	Walter A Neves Astolfo G M Araujo Danilo V Bernardo Renato Kipnis James K Feathers
author_sort	Walter A Neves
title	Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
title_short	Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
title_full	Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
title_fullStr	Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
title_full_unstemmed	Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.
title_sort	rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in eastern south america.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc456c92f82a437db3f9c3cd6c09d65b
work_keys_str_mv	AT walteraneves rockartatthepleistoceneholoceneboundaryineasternsouthamerica AT astolfogmaraujo rockartatthepleistoceneholoceneboundaryineasternsouthamerica AT danilovbernardo rockartatthepleistoceneholoceneboundaryineasternsouthamerica AT renatokipnis rockartatthepleistoceneholoceneboundaryineasternsouthamerica AT jameskfeathers rockartatthepleistoceneholoceneboundaryineasternsouthamerica
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Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.

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