Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system

Theory posits that resilience of ecosystems increases when there is a diversity of agents (e.g., species) and linkages between them. If ecosystems are conceptualized as components of coupled human and natural systems, then a corollary would be that novel types of human-induced diversity may also fos...

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Autores principales:	Nathan D. Van Schmidt, José L. Oviedo, Tracy Hruska, Lynn Huntsinger, Tony J. Kovach, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Norman L. Miller, Steven R. Beissinger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Resilience Alliance 2021
Materias:	black rail california coupled human and natural system chans functional diversity irrigation laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus metapopulation rangeland resilience response diversity wetland Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc52c73313a2494b8039e792f8b5cca7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc52c73313a2494b8039e792f8b5cca72021-11-15T16:40:17ZAssessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system1708-308710.5751/ES-12223-260203https://doaj.org/article/dc52c73313a2494b8039e792f8b5cca72021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss2/art3/https://doaj.org/toc/1708-3087Theory posits that resilience of ecosystems increases when there is a diversity of agents (e.g., species) and linkages between them. If ecosystems are conceptualized as components of coupled human and natural systems, then a corollary would be that novel types of human-induced diversity may also foster resilience. We explored this hypothesis by studying how socially created diversity mediated the impact of a historically severe drought on a network of wetlands in the foothills of the California Sierra Nevada containing a metapopulation of the threatened California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). We examined how (1) diversity in motivations for land ownership affected use of irrigation water and response to drought; (2) differences in natural and irrigated water sources affected wetland drying in response to drought; and (3) these processes affected the persistence of rails and the transmission risk of West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging infectious disease that threatens people and rails. Wetlands were mostly fed by inefficiencies and leaks from the irrigation system. Wetlands with both natural and irrigated water sources were larger, wetter, and likelier to persist through drought because these two sources showed response diversity by drying at different times. Wetlands with diverse water sources also provided the best habitat for the California Black Rail, and irrigation appeared responsible for its persistence through the drought. Irrigation increased WNV transmission risk by increasing the quantity, but not the quality, of wetland habitats for mosquitoes. The impacts of social diversity were more ambiguous, with redundancy prevalent. However, profit-motivated landowners provided wetlands more irrigation during nondrought conditions, whereas other landowner types were more likely to continue providing irrigation during drought. Our results highlight that conservation in social-ecological systems requires assessing not only the value of historic ecological diversity, but also how novel types of socially induced diversity may benefit ecosystems.Nathan D. Van SchmidtJosé L. OviedoTracy HruskaLynn HuntsingerTony J. KovachA. Marm KilpatrickNorman L. MillerSteven R. BeissingerResilience Alliancearticleblack railcaliforniacoupled human and natural systemchansfunctional diversityirrigationlaterallus jamaicensis coturniculusmetapopulationrangelandresilienceresponse diversitywetlandBiology (General)QH301-705.5EcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Society, Vol 26, Iss 2, p 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	black rail california coupled human and natural system chans functional diversity irrigation laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus metapopulation rangeland resilience response diversity wetland Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	black rail california coupled human and natural system chans functional diversity irrigation laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus metapopulation rangeland resilience response diversity wetland Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5 Nathan D. Van Schmidt José L. Oviedo Tracy Hruska Lynn Huntsinger Tony J. Kovach A. Marm Kilpatrick Norman L. Miller Steven R. Beissinger Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
description	Theory posits that resilience of ecosystems increases when there is a diversity of agents (e.g., species) and linkages between them. If ecosystems are conceptualized as components of coupled human and natural systems, then a corollary would be that novel types of human-induced diversity may also foster resilience. We explored this hypothesis by studying how socially created diversity mediated the impact of a historically severe drought on a network of wetlands in the foothills of the California Sierra Nevada containing a metapopulation of the threatened California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). We examined how (1) diversity in motivations for land ownership affected use of irrigation water and response to drought; (2) differences in natural and irrigated water sources affected wetland drying in response to drought; and (3) these processes affected the persistence of rails and the transmission risk of West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging infectious disease that threatens people and rails. Wetlands were mostly fed by inefficiencies and leaks from the irrigation system. Wetlands with both natural and irrigated water sources were larger, wetter, and likelier to persist through drought because these two sources showed response diversity by drying at different times. Wetlands with diverse water sources also provided the best habitat for the California Black Rail, and irrigation appeared responsible for its persistence through the drought. Irrigation increased WNV transmission risk by increasing the quantity, but not the quality, of wetland habitats for mosquitoes. The impacts of social diversity were more ambiguous, with redundancy prevalent. However, profit-motivated landowners provided wetlands more irrigation during nondrought conditions, whereas other landowner types were more likely to continue providing irrigation during drought. Our results highlight that conservation in social-ecological systems requires assessing not only the value of historic ecological diversity, but also how novel types of socially induced diversity may benefit ecosystems.
format	article
author	Nathan D. Van Schmidt José L. Oviedo Tracy Hruska Lynn Huntsinger Tony J. Kovach A. Marm Kilpatrick Norman L. Miller Steven R. Beissinger
author_facet	Nathan D. Van Schmidt José L. Oviedo Tracy Hruska Lynn Huntsinger Tony J. Kovach A. Marm Kilpatrick Norman L. Miller Steven R. Beissinger
author_sort	Nathan D. Van Schmidt
title	Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
title_short	Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
title_full	Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
title_fullStr	Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
title_sort	assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system
publisher	Resilience Alliance
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc52c73313a2494b8039e792f8b5cca7
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Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system

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