Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.

<h4>Background</h4>The neuroendocrine stress response allows vertebrates to cope with stressors via the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which ultimately results in the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs). Glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects on behavior an...

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Autores principales:	Lauren Zane, David C Ensminger, José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc52d2dc30ac401a85fe3b419a278ffc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc52d2dc30ac401a85fe3b419a278ffc2021-12-02T20:13:51ZShort-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257370https://doaj.org/article/dc52d2dc30ac401a85fe3b419a278ffc2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257370https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The neuroendocrine stress response allows vertebrates to cope with stressors via the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which ultimately results in the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs). Glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects on behavior and physiology, and might influence telomere length dynamics. During a stress event, GCs mobilize energy towards survival mechanisms rather than to telomere maintenance. Additionally, reactive oxygen species produced in response to increased GC levels can damage telomeres, also leading to telomere shortening. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we tested whether GC levels impact telomere length and if this relationship differs among time frame, life history stage, or stressor type. We hypothesized that elevated GC levels are linked to a decrease in telomere length.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a literature search for studies investigating the relationship between telomere length and GCs in non-human vertebrates using four search engines: Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus, last searched on September 27th, 2020. This review identified 31 studies examining the relationship between GCs and telomere length. We pooled the data using Fisher's Z for 15 of these studies. All quantitative studies underwent a risk of bias assessment. This systematic review study was registered in the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/rqve6).<h4>Results</h4>The pooled effect size from fifteen studies and 1066 study organisms shows no relationship between GCs and telomere length (Fisher's Z = 0.1042, 95% CI = 0.0235; 0.1836). Our meta-analysis synthesizes results from 15 different taxa from the mammalian, avian, amphibian groups. While these results support some previous findings, other studies have found a direct relationship between GCs and telomere dynamics, suggesting underlying mechanisms or concepts that were not taken into account in our analysis. The risk of bias assessment revealed an overall low risk of bias with occasional instances of bias from missing outcome data or bias in the reported result.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We highlight the need for more targeted experiments to understand how conditions, such as experimental timeframes, stressor(s), and stressor magnitudes can drive a relationship between the neuroendocrine stress response and telomere length.Lauren ZaneDavid C EnsmingerJosé Pablo Vázquez-MedinaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257370 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lauren Zane David C Ensminger José Pablo Vázquez-Medina Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The neuroendocrine stress response allows vertebrates to cope with stressors via the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which ultimately results in the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs). Glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects on behavior and physiology, and might influence telomere length dynamics. During a stress event, GCs mobilize energy towards survival mechanisms rather than to telomere maintenance. Additionally, reactive oxygen species produced in response to increased GC levels can damage telomeres, also leading to telomere shortening. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we tested whether GC levels impact telomere length and if this relationship differs among time frame, life history stage, or stressor type. We hypothesized that elevated GC levels are linked to a decrease in telomere length.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a literature search for studies investigating the relationship between telomere length and GCs in non-human vertebrates using four search engines: Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus, last searched on September 27th, 2020. This review identified 31 studies examining the relationship between GCs and telomere length. We pooled the data using Fisher's Z for 15 of these studies. All quantitative studies underwent a risk of bias assessment. This systematic review study was registered in the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/rqve6).<h4>Results</h4>The pooled effect size from fifteen studies and 1066 study organisms shows no relationship between GCs and telomere length (Fisher's Z = 0.1042, 95% CI = 0.0235; 0.1836). Our meta-analysis synthesizes results from 15 different taxa from the mammalian, avian, amphibian groups. While these results support some previous findings, other studies have found a direct relationship between GCs and telomere dynamics, suggesting underlying mechanisms or concepts that were not taken into account in our analysis. The risk of bias assessment revealed an overall low risk of bias with occasional instances of bias from missing outcome data or bias in the reported result.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We highlight the need for more targeted experiments to understand how conditions, such as experimental timeframes, stressor(s), and stressor magnitudes can drive a relationship between the neuroendocrine stress response and telomere length.
format	article
author	Lauren Zane David C Ensminger José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
author_facet	Lauren Zane David C Ensminger José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
author_sort	Lauren Zane
title	Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
title_short	Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
title_full	Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
title_fullStr	Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
title_full_unstemmed	Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
title_sort	short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc52d2dc30ac401a85fe3b419a278ffc
work_keys_str_mv	AT laurenzane shorttermelevationsinglucocorticoidsdonotaltertelomerelengthsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofnonprimatevertebratestudies AT davidcensminger shorttermelevationsinglucocorticoidsdonotaltertelomerelengthsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofnonprimatevertebratestudies AT josepablovazquezmedina shorttermelevationsinglucocorticoidsdonotaltertelomerelengthsasystematicreviewandmetaanalysisofnonprimatevertebratestudies
_version_	1718374736035053568

Short-term elevations in glucocorticoids do not alter telomere lengths: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-primate vertebrate studies.

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