Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.

<h4>Background</h4>Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty children were rec...

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Autores principales:	Christine Niemeier-Walsh, Patrick H Ryan, Jaroslaw Meller, Nicholas J Ollberding, Atin Adhikari, Tiina Reponen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dc95834ada964315867d3edd7b5c9f22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dc95834ada964315867d3edd7b5c9f222021-12-02T20:05:19ZExposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0244341https://doaj.org/article/dc95834ada964315867d3edd7b5c9f222021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244341https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum.<h4>Results</h4>We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.Christine Niemeier-WalshPatrick H RyanJaroslaw MellerNicholas J OllberdingAtin AdhikariTiina ReponenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0244341 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christine Niemeier-Walsh Patrick H Ryan Jaroslaw Meller Nicholas J Ollberding Atin Adhikari Tiina Reponen Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum.<h4>Results</h4>We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
format	article
author	Christine Niemeier-Walsh Patrick H Ryan Jaroslaw Meller Nicholas J Ollberding Atin Adhikari Tiina Reponen
author_facet	Christine Niemeier-Walsh Patrick H Ryan Jaroslaw Meller Nicholas J Ollberding Atin Adhikari Tiina Reponen
author_sort	Christine Niemeier-Walsh
title	Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
title_short	Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
title_full	Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
title_fullStr	Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
title_sort	exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dc95834ada964315867d3edd7b5c9f22
work_keys_str_mv	AT christineniemeierwalsh exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren AT patrickhryan exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren AT jaroslawmeller exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren AT nicholasjollberding exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren AT atinadhikari exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren AT tiinareponen exposuretotrafficrelatedairpollutionandbacterialdiversityinthelowerrespiratorytractofchildren
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Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children.

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