Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

Abstract Staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, which is a pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired infections in humans and various diseases in animals. Recently, SAg toxins have become a superfa...

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Autores principales:	Dong-Liang Hu, Shaowen Li, Rendong Fang, Hisaya K. Ono
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen Enterotoxin Pathogenecity Food poisoning Infection Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dca39b62e18444d3a59ddc506b7382ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dca39b62e18444d3a59ddc506b7382ea2021-11-14T12:06:10ZUpdate on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins10.1186/s44149-021-00007-72731-0442https://doaj.org/article/dca39b62e18444d3a59ddc506b7382ea2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00007-7https://doaj.org/toc/2731-0442Abstract Staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, which is a pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired infections in humans and various diseases in animals. Recently, SAg toxins have become a superfamily with 29 types, including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with emetic activity, SE-like toxins (SEls) that do not induce emesis in primate models or have yet not been tested, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). SEs and SEls can be subdivided into classical types (SEA to SEE) and novel types (SEG to SElY, SE01, SE02, SEl26 and SEl27). The genes of SAg toxins are located in diverse accessory genetic elements and share certain structural and biological properties. SAg toxins are heat-stable proteins that exhibit pyrogenicity, superantigenicity and capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin in humans and animals. They have multiple pathogenicities that can interfere with normal immune function of host, increase the chances of survival and transmission of pathogenic bacteria in host, consequently contribute to the occurrence and development of various infections, persistent infections or food poisoning. This review focuses on the following aspects of SAg toxins: (1) superfamily members of classic and novelty discovered staphylococcal SAgs; (2) diversity of gene locations and molecular structural characteristics; (3) biological characteristics and activities; (4) multi-pathogenicity of SAgs in animal and human diseases, including bovine mastitis, swine sepsis, abscesses and skin edema in pig, arthritis and septicemia in poultry, and nosocomial infections and food-borne diseases in humans.Dong-Liang HuShaowen LiRendong FangHisaya K. OnoBMCarticleStaphylococcus aureusSuperantigenEnterotoxinPathogenecityFood poisoningInfectionVeterinary medicineSF600-1100Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnimal Diseases, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen Enterotoxin Pathogenecity Food poisoning Infection Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen Enterotoxin Pathogenecity Food poisoning Infection Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Dong-Liang Hu Shaowen Li Rendong Fang Hisaya K. Ono Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
description	Abstract Staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, which is a pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired infections in humans and various diseases in animals. Recently, SAg toxins have become a superfamily with 29 types, including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) with emetic activity, SE-like toxins (SEls) that do not induce emesis in primate models or have yet not been tested, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). SEs and SEls can be subdivided into classical types (SEA to SEE) and novel types (SEG to SElY, SE01, SE02, SEl26 and SEl27). The genes of SAg toxins are located in diverse accessory genetic elements and share certain structural and biological properties. SAg toxins are heat-stable proteins that exhibit pyrogenicity, superantigenicity and capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin in humans and animals. They have multiple pathogenicities that can interfere with normal immune function of host, increase the chances of survival and transmission of pathogenic bacteria in host, consequently contribute to the occurrence and development of various infections, persistent infections or food poisoning. This review focuses on the following aspects of SAg toxins: (1) superfamily members of classic and novelty discovered staphylococcal SAgs; (2) diversity of gene locations and molecular structural characteristics; (3) biological characteristics and activities; (4) multi-pathogenicity of SAgs in animal and human diseases, including bovine mastitis, swine sepsis, abscesses and skin edema in pig, arthritis and septicemia in poultry, and nosocomial infections and food-borne diseases in humans.
format	article
author	Dong-Liang Hu Shaowen Li Rendong Fang Hisaya K. Ono
author_facet	Dong-Liang Hu Shaowen Li Rendong Fang Hisaya K. Ono
author_sort	Dong-Liang Hu
title	Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
title_short	Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
title_full	Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
title_fullStr	Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
title_full_unstemmed	Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
title_sort	update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dca39b62e18444d3a59ddc506b7382ea
work_keys_str_mv	AT donglianghu updateonmoleculardiversityandmultipathogenicityofstaphylococcalsuperantigentoxins AT shaowenli updateonmoleculardiversityandmultipathogenicityofstaphylococcalsuperantigentoxins AT rendongfang updateonmoleculardiversityandmultipathogenicityofstaphylococcalsuperantigentoxins AT hisayakono updateonmoleculardiversityandmultipathogenicityofstaphylococcalsuperantigentoxins
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Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

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