Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study.
<h4>Introduction</h4>As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda's national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:dcc2103efd534700b43a9a2070b6d18c2021-12-02T20:07:56ZPrevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257917https://doaj.org/article/dcc2103efd534700b43a9a2070b6d18c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257917https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Introduction</h4>As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda's national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from the screening campaign to report on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this setting.<h4>Methods</h4>Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to screen for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) among people of ≥15years old. We calculated seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV by age and sex and also calculated age-and-sex adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for other possible risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 26,498 screened refugees, 1,006 (3.8%) and 297 (1.1%) tested positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV, respectively. HBsAg was more prevalent among men than women and most common among people 25-54 years old. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with age group with no difference between sexes. After adjusting for age and sex, having a household contact with HBsAg was associated with 1.59 times higher risk of having HBsAg (95% CI: 1.27, 1.99) and having a household contact with anti-HCV was associated with 3.66 times higher risk of Anti-HCV (95% CI: 2.26, 5.93). Self-reporting having HBV, HCV, liver disease, or previously screened for HBV and HCV were significantly associated with both HBsAg and anti-HCV, but RDT-confirmed HBsAg and anti-HCV statuses were not associated with each other. Other risk factors for HBsAg included diabetes (ARR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.59) and family history of hepatitis B (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) and for anti-HCV included heart disease (ARR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.80) and history of surgery (ARR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sero-prevalence and risks factors for hepatitis B and C among Burundian were comparable to that in the Rwandan general population. Contact tracing among household members of identified HBsAg and anti-HCV infected case may be an effective approach to targeted hepatitis screening given the high risk among self-reported cases. Expanded access to voluntary testing may be needed to improve access to hepatitis treatment and care in other refugee settings.Innocent KamaliDale A BarnhartJean d'Amour NdahimanaKassim NoorJeanne MumporezeFrançoise NyirahabihirweJean de la Paix GakuruTumusime MusafiriSandra UrusaroJean Damascene MakuzaJanvier SerumondoDina Denis RwamuhindaMaurice NkundibizaFredrick KateeraGallican Rwibasira NshogozaJoel M MubiligiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257917 (2021) |
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Medicine R Science Q Innocent Kamali Dale A Barnhart Jean d'Amour Ndahimana Kassim Noor Jeanne Mumporeze Françoise Nyirahabihirwe Jean de la Paix Gakuru Tumusime Musafiri Sandra Urusaro Jean Damascene Makuza Janvier Serumondo Dina Denis Rwamuhinda Maurice Nkundibiza Fredrick Kateera Gallican Rwibasira Nshogoza Joel M Mubiligi Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| description |
<h4>Introduction</h4>As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda's national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from the screening campaign to report on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this setting.<h4>Methods</h4>Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to screen for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) among people of ≥15years old. We calculated seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV by age and sex and also calculated age-and-sex adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for other possible risk factors.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 26,498 screened refugees, 1,006 (3.8%) and 297 (1.1%) tested positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV, respectively. HBsAg was more prevalent among men than women and most common among people 25-54 years old. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with age group with no difference between sexes. After adjusting for age and sex, having a household contact with HBsAg was associated with 1.59 times higher risk of having HBsAg (95% CI: 1.27, 1.99) and having a household contact with anti-HCV was associated with 3.66 times higher risk of Anti-HCV (95% CI: 2.26, 5.93). Self-reporting having HBV, HCV, liver disease, or previously screened for HBV and HCV were significantly associated with both HBsAg and anti-HCV, but RDT-confirmed HBsAg and anti-HCV statuses were not associated with each other. Other risk factors for HBsAg included diabetes (ARR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.59) and family history of hepatitis B (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) and for anti-HCV included heart disease (ARR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.80) and history of surgery (ARR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sero-prevalence and risks factors for hepatitis B and C among Burundian were comparable to that in the Rwandan general population. Contact tracing among household members of identified HBsAg and anti-HCV infected case may be an effective approach to targeted hepatitis screening given the high risk among self-reported cases. Expanded access to voluntary testing may be needed to improve access to hepatitis treatment and care in other refugee settings. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Innocent Kamali Dale A Barnhart Jean d'Amour Ndahimana Kassim Noor Jeanne Mumporeze Françoise Nyirahabihirwe Jean de la Paix Gakuru Tumusime Musafiri Sandra Urusaro Jean Damascene Makuza Janvier Serumondo Dina Denis Rwamuhinda Maurice Nkundibiza Fredrick Kateera Gallican Rwibasira Nshogoza Joel M Mubiligi |
| author_facet |
Innocent Kamali Dale A Barnhart Jean d'Amour Ndahimana Kassim Noor Jeanne Mumporeze Françoise Nyirahabihirwe Jean de la Paix Gakuru Tumusime Musafiri Sandra Urusaro Jean Damascene Makuza Janvier Serumondo Dina Denis Rwamuhinda Maurice Nkundibiza Fredrick Kateera Gallican Rwibasira Nshogoza Joel M Mubiligi |
| author_sort |
Innocent Kamali |
| title |
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| title_short |
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| title_full |
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| title_fullStr |
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. |
| title_sort |
prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis b and c viruses among refugee populations living in mahama, rwanda: a cross-sectional study. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/dcc2103efd534700b43a9a2070b6d18c |
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