Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and the increasing trend of NAFLD has burdened the healthcare system. NAFLD encompasses a wide range of liver pathologies, from simple benign hepatocyte steatosis to more severe inflammatory nonalc...

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Autores principales:	Yu-Tang Tung, Jun-Lan Zeng, Shang-Tse Ho, Jin-Wei Xu, Shiming Li, Jyh-Horng Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Djulis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rutin obesity fatty acid oxidation anti-inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dce3716665e74ce19ec008532ed9cf39
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dce3716665e74ce19ec008532ed9cf392021-11-25T16:26:23ZAnti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity10.3390/antiox101116942076-3921https://doaj.org/article/dce3716665e74ce19ec008532ed9cf392021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1694https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and the increasing trend of NAFLD has burdened the healthcare system. NAFLD encompasses a wide range of liver pathologies, from simple benign hepatocyte steatosis to more severe inflammatory nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) is traditionally used as a native cereal and a food supplement that promotes human health through its antioxidant, hepatoprotection, skin protection, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antitumor effects. Djulis hull, regarded as agricultural waste, is usually removed during food processing and contains high rutin content. The present study evaluated the anti-NAFLD effect of Djulis hull and its major compound, rutin, in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into one of five diet groups (n = 6 per group) and fed the following for 16 weeks: (1) normal diet group (ND), (2) HFD group (HFD), (3) HFD and oral gavage of low dose (50 mg/kg) of Djulis hull crude extract group (HFD/LCE), (4) HFD and oral gavage of high dose (250 mg/kg) of Djulis hull crude extract group (HFD/HCE), or (5) HFD and oral gavage (50 mg/kg) of rutin (HFD/R) group. We found that Djulis hull crude extract markedly reduced HFD-induced elevation in body weight and fat around the kidney weights, hepatic injury indicators (AST and ALT), and steatosis and hypertrophy. Furthermore, Djulis hull crude extract administration significantly affected DG(20:4/18:1), PA(22:0/17:1), PC(10:0/17:0), and PA(18:4/20:5) in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, treating HFD-induced obese rats with Djulis hull crude extract significantly increased fatty acid oxidation by increasing the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in the liver. Moreover, the administration of Djulis hull crude extract significantly decreased the inflammatory response (PPARγ, IL-6, and TNF-α) to modulate oxidative damage. Therefore, Djulis hull crude extract attenuated the progression of NAFLD by reducing inflammation mediated by PPARγ and enhancing the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation mediated by AMPK signaling.Yu-Tang TungJun-Lan ZengShang-Tse HoJin-Wei XuShiming LiJyh-Horng WuMDPI AGarticleDjulisnonalcoholic fatty liver diseaserutinobesityfatty acid oxidationanti-inflammationTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1694, p 1694 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Djulis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rutin obesity fatty acid oxidation anti-inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	Djulis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rutin obesity fatty acid oxidation anti-inflammation Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Yu-Tang Tung Jun-Lan Zeng Shang-Tse Ho Jin-Wei Xu Shiming Li Jyh-Horng Wu Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
description	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and the increasing trend of NAFLD has burdened the healthcare system. NAFLD encompasses a wide range of liver pathologies, from simple benign hepatocyte steatosis to more severe inflammatory nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) is traditionally used as a native cereal and a food supplement that promotes human health through its antioxidant, hepatoprotection, skin protection, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antitumor effects. Djulis hull, regarded as agricultural waste, is usually removed during food processing and contains high rutin content. The present study evaluated the anti-NAFLD effect of Djulis hull and its major compound, rutin, in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into one of five diet groups (n = 6 per group) and fed the following for 16 weeks: (1) normal diet group (ND), (2) HFD group (HFD), (3) HFD and oral gavage of low dose (50 mg/kg) of Djulis hull crude extract group (HFD/LCE), (4) HFD and oral gavage of high dose (250 mg/kg) of Djulis hull crude extract group (HFD/HCE), or (5) HFD and oral gavage (50 mg/kg) of rutin (HFD/R) group. We found that Djulis hull crude extract markedly reduced HFD-induced elevation in body weight and fat around the kidney weights, hepatic injury indicators (AST and ALT), and steatosis and hypertrophy. Furthermore, Djulis hull crude extract administration significantly affected DG(20:4/18:1), PA(22:0/17:1), PC(10:0/17:0), and PA(18:4/20:5) in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, treating HFD-induced obese rats with Djulis hull crude extract significantly increased fatty acid oxidation by increasing the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in the liver. Moreover, the administration of Djulis hull crude extract significantly decreased the inflammatory response (PPARγ, IL-6, and TNF-α) to modulate oxidative damage. Therefore, Djulis hull crude extract attenuated the progression of NAFLD by reducing inflammation mediated by PPARγ and enhancing the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation mediated by AMPK signaling.
format	article
author	Yu-Tang Tung Jun-Lan Zeng Shang-Tse Ho Jin-Wei Xu Shiming Li Jyh-Horng Wu
author_facet	Yu-Tang Tung Jun-Lan Zeng Shang-Tse Ho Jin-Wei Xu Shiming Li Jyh-Horng Wu
author_sort	Yu-Tang Tung
title	Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
title_short	Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
title_full	Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
title_fullStr	Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
title_full_unstemmed	Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity
title_sort	anti-nafld effect of djulis hull and its major compound, rutin, in mice with high-fat diet (hfd)-induced obesity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dce3716665e74ce19ec008532ed9cf39
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Anti-NAFLD Effect of Djulis Hull and Its Major Compound, Rutin, in Mice with High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Obesity

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