Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.

<h4>Background</h4>Measuring implicit attitudes is difficult due to social desirability (SD). A new method, the Emotion Based Approach (EBA), can solve this by using emotions from a display of faces as response categories. We applied this on an EBA Spirituality tool (EBA-SPT) and an Actu...

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Autores principales:	Klara Malinakova, Richard Korinek, Peter Tavel, Iva Polackova Solcova, Harold G Koenig, Jitse P van Dijk, Sijmen A Reijneveld
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd2402fd2961431995f784bd2b877be8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd2402fd2961431995f784bd2b877be82021-12-02T20:05:35ZUsing photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250922https://doaj.org/article/dd2402fd2961431995f784bd2b877be82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250922https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Measuring implicit attitudes is difficult due to social desirability (SD). A new method, the Emotion Based Approach (EBA), can solve this by using emotions from a display of faces as response categories. We applied this on an EBA Spirituality tool (EBA-SPT) and an Actual Situation tool (EBA-AST). Our aim was to assess the structure, reliability and validity of the tools and to compare two EBA assessment approaches, i.e., an explicit one (only assessing final replies to items) and an implicit one (assessing also the selection process).<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on a sample of Czech adults (n = 522, age 30.3±12.58; 27.0% men) via an online survey; cortisol was assessed in 46 participants. We assessed the structure and psychometric properties (internal consistency and test-retest reliability; convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity) of the EBA, and examined the differences between explicit vs. implicit EBA approaches.<h4>Results</h4>We found an acceptable-good internal consistency reliability of the EBA tools, acceptable discriminant validity between them and low (neutral expression) to good (joy) test-retest reliability for concrete emotions assessed by the tools. An implicit EBA approach showed stronger correlations between emotions and weaker convergent validity, but higher criterion validity, than an explicit approach and standard questionnaires.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Compared to standard questionnaires, EBA is a more reliable approach for measuring attitudes, with an implicit approach that reflects the selection process yielding the best results.Klara MalinakovaRichard KorinekPeter TavelIva Polackova SolcovaHarold G KoenigJitse P van DijkSijmen A ReijneveldPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0250922 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Klara Malinakova Richard Korinek Peter Tavel Iva Polackova Solcova Harold G Koenig Jitse P van Dijk Sijmen A Reijneveld Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Measuring implicit attitudes is difficult due to social desirability (SD). A new method, the Emotion Based Approach (EBA), can solve this by using emotions from a display of faces as response categories. We applied this on an EBA Spirituality tool (EBA-SPT) and an Actual Situation tool (EBA-AST). Our aim was to assess the structure, reliability and validity of the tools and to compare two EBA assessment approaches, i.e., an explicit one (only assessing final replies to items) and an implicit one (assessing also the selection process).<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained data on a sample of Czech adults (n = 522, age 30.3±12.58; 27.0% men) via an online survey; cortisol was assessed in 46 participants. We assessed the structure and psychometric properties (internal consistency and test-retest reliability; convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity) of the EBA, and examined the differences between explicit vs. implicit EBA approaches.<h4>Results</h4>We found an acceptable-good internal consistency reliability of the EBA tools, acceptable discriminant validity between them and low (neutral expression) to good (joy) test-retest reliability for concrete emotions assessed by the tools. An implicit EBA approach showed stronger correlations between emotions and weaker convergent validity, but higher criterion validity, than an explicit approach and standard questionnaires.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Compared to standard questionnaires, EBA is a more reliable approach for measuring attitudes, with an implicit approach that reflects the selection process yielding the best results.
format	article
author	Klara Malinakova Richard Korinek Peter Tavel Iva Polackova Solcova Harold G Koenig Jitse P van Dijk Sijmen A Reijneveld
author_facet	Klara Malinakova Richard Korinek Peter Tavel Iva Polackova Solcova Harold G Koenig Jitse P van Dijk Sijmen A Reijneveld
author_sort	Klara Malinakova
title	Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
title_short	Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
title_full	Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
title_fullStr	Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
title_full_unstemmed	Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
title_sort	using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd2402fd2961431995f784bd2b877be8
work_keys_str_mv	AT klaramalinakova usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT richardkorinek usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT petertavel usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT ivapolackovasolcova usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT haroldgkoenig usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT jitsepvandijk usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes AT sijmenareijneveld usingphotosofbasicfacialexpressionsasanewapproachtomeasuringimplicitattitudes
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Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes.

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