Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis

Hydroquinone is one of the phenolic compounds used in various cosmetic products for skin lightening as it can inhibit tyrosinase enzyme in producing melanin. However, hydroquinone is classified as a toxic compound, therefore, several countries such as Africa, Canada, and Indonesia prohibits hydroqui...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi, Hermin Sulistyarti, Ani Mulyasuryani, Adam Wiryawan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	University of Brawijaya 2019
Materias:	hydroquinone flow injection phloroglucinol optimization Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.445 https://doaj.org/article/dd265b7ef9964e88a8232fb38d38567e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd265b7ef9964e88a8232fb38d38567e2021-12-02T17:05:59ZOptimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysishttp://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.4452302-46902302-4690https://doaj.org/article/dd265b7ef9964e88a8232fb38d38567e2019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jpacr.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpacr/article/view/445/pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2302-4690https://doaj.org/toc/2302-4690Hydroquinone is one of the phenolic compounds used in various cosmetic products for skin lightening as it can inhibit tyrosinase enzyme in producing melanin. However, hydroquinone is classified as a toxic compound, therefore, several countries such as Africa, Canada, and Indonesia prohibits hydroquinone usage in cosmetics. This research was focused on the development of a method for hydroquinone analysis using flow injection (FI) combined with spectrophotometry based on the reaction of hydroquinone with phloroglucinol in alkaline condition producing orange complex detected at 493 nm. The FI method was optimized based on operational factors and chemical factors in order to achieve sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of FI method was achieved under operational condition of 100 μL sample volume, 100 cm mixing coil 1, 50 cm mixing coil 2 and 2.8 mL/min with the chemical condition of 0.005 mol/L NaOH and 0.001 mol/L phloroglucinol. Under these optimum conditions, the proposed method showed linearity in the range concentration of 2 – 80 mg/L and the method was applied to cosmetic sample with acceptable recoveryMuhammad Iqbal FahmiHermin SulistyartiAni MulyasuryaniAdam WiryawanUniversity of Brawijayaarticlehydroquinoneflow injectionphloroglucinoloptimizationChemistryQD1-999ENJournal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 53-61 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hydroquinone flow injection phloroglucinol optimization Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	hydroquinone flow injection phloroglucinol optimization Chemistry QD1-999 Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi Hermin Sulistyarti Ani Mulyasuryani Adam Wiryawan Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
description	Hydroquinone is one of the phenolic compounds used in various cosmetic products for skin lightening as it can inhibit tyrosinase enzyme in producing melanin. However, hydroquinone is classified as a toxic compound, therefore, several countries such as Africa, Canada, and Indonesia prohibits hydroquinone usage in cosmetics. This research was focused on the development of a method for hydroquinone analysis using flow injection (FI) combined with spectrophotometry based on the reaction of hydroquinone with phloroglucinol in alkaline condition producing orange complex detected at 493 nm. The FI method was optimized based on operational factors and chemical factors in order to achieve sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of FI method was achieved under operational condition of 100 μL sample volume, 100 cm mixing coil 1, 50 cm mixing coil 2 and 2.8 mL/min with the chemical condition of 0.005 mol/L NaOH and 0.001 mol/L phloroglucinol. Under these optimum conditions, the proposed method showed linearity in the range concentration of 2 – 80 mg/L and the method was applied to cosmetic sample with acceptable recovery
format	article
author	Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi Hermin Sulistyarti Ani Mulyasuryani Adam Wiryawan
author_facet	Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi Hermin Sulistyarti Ani Mulyasuryani Adam Wiryawan
author_sort	Muhammad Iqbal Fahmi
title	Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
title_short	Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
title_full	Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
title_fullStr	Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis
title_sort	optimization of flow injection (fi) – spectrophotometry for hydroquinone analysis
publisher	University of Brawijaya
publishDate	2019
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2019.008.01.445 https://doaj.org/article/dd265b7ef9964e88a8232fb38d38567e
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhammadiqbalfahmi optimizationofflowinjectionfispectrophotometryforhydroquinoneanalysis AT herminsulistyarti optimizationofflowinjectionfispectrophotometryforhydroquinoneanalysis AT animulyasuryani optimizationofflowinjectionfispectrophotometryforhydroquinoneanalysis AT adamwiryawan optimizationofflowinjectionfispectrophotometryforhydroquinoneanalysis
_version_	1718381821152985088

Optimization of Flow Injection (FI) – Spectrophotometry for Hydroquinone Analysis

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