Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

High nutrient discharge from groundwater (GW) into surface water (SW) have multiple undesirable effects on river water quality. With the aim to estimate the impact of anthropic pressures and river–aquifer interactions on nitrate status in SW, this study integrates two hydrological simulation and wat...

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Autores principales:	Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra, Javier Paredes-Arquiola, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín, Harold Tafur Hermann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	aquifer-river interactions diffuse pollution point sources surface water water quality models Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd4ed5407c664e1088bfe63b903962d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd4ed5407c664e1088bfe63b903962d32021-11-25T19:04:48ZIntegrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain10.3390/su1322128352071-1050https://doaj.org/article/dd4ed5407c664e1088bfe63b903962d32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12835https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050High nutrient discharge from groundwater (GW) into surface water (SW) have multiple undesirable effects on river water quality. With the aim to estimate the impact of anthropic pressures and river–aquifer interactions on nitrate status in SW, this study integrates two hydrological simulation and water quality models. PATRICAL models SW–GW interactions and RREA models streamflow changes due to human activity. The models were applied to the Júcar River Basin District (RBD), where 33% of the aquifers have a concentration above 50 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/L. As a result, there is a direct linear correlation between the nitrate concentration in rivers and aquifers (Júcar r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9, and Turia r<sup>2</sup> = 0.8), since in these Mediterranean basins, the main amount of river flows comes from groundwater discharge. The concentration of nitrates in rivers and GW tends to increase downstream of the district, where artificial surfaces and agriculture are concentrated. The total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> load to Júcar RBD rivers was estimated at 10,202 tN/year (239 kg/km<sup>2</sup>/year), from which 99% is generated by diffuse pollution, and 3378 tN/year (79 kg/km<sup>2</sup>/year) is discharged into the Mediterranean Sea. Changes in nitrate concentration in the RBD rivers are strongly related to the source of irrigation water, river–aquifer interactions, and flow regulation. The models used in this paper allow the identification of pollution sources, the forecasting of nitrate concentration in surface and groundwater, and the evaluation of the efficiency of measures to prevent water degradation, among other applications.Diana Yaritza Dorado-GuerraJavier Paredes-ArquiolaMiguel Ángel Pérez-MartínHarold Tafur HermannMDPI AGarticleaquifer-river interactionsdiffuse pollutionpoint sourcessurface waterwater quality modelsEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12835, p 12835 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aquifer-river interactions diffuse pollution point sources surface water water quality models Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	aquifer-river interactions diffuse pollution point sources surface water water quality models Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra Javier Paredes-Arquiola Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín Harold Tafur Hermann Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
description	High nutrient discharge from groundwater (GW) into surface water (SW) have multiple undesirable effects on river water quality. With the aim to estimate the impact of anthropic pressures and river–aquifer interactions on nitrate status in SW, this study integrates two hydrological simulation and water quality models. PATRICAL models SW–GW interactions and RREA models streamflow changes due to human activity. The models were applied to the Júcar River Basin District (RBD), where 33% of the aquifers have a concentration above 50 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/L. As a result, there is a direct linear correlation between the nitrate concentration in rivers and aquifers (Júcar r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9, and Turia r<sup>2</sup> = 0.8), since in these Mediterranean basins, the main amount of river flows comes from groundwater discharge. The concentration of nitrates in rivers and GW tends to increase downstream of the district, where artificial surfaces and agriculture are concentrated. The total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> load to Júcar RBD rivers was estimated at 10,202 tN/year (239 kg/km<sup>2</sup>/year), from which 99% is generated by diffuse pollution, and 3378 tN/year (79 kg/km<sup>2</sup>/year) is discharged into the Mediterranean Sea. Changes in nitrate concentration in the RBD rivers are strongly related to the source of irrigation water, river–aquifer interactions, and flow regulation. The models used in this paper allow the identification of pollution sources, the forecasting of nitrate concentration in surface and groundwater, and the evaluation of the efficiency of measures to prevent water degradation, among other applications.
format	article
author	Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra Javier Paredes-Arquiola Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín Harold Tafur Hermann
author_facet	Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra Javier Paredes-Arquiola Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín Harold Tafur Hermann
author_sort	Diana Yaritza Dorado-Guerra
title	Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
title_short	Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
title_full	Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
title_fullStr	Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
title_full_unstemmed	Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain
title_sort	integrated surface-groundwater modelling of nitrate concentration in mediterranean rivers, the júcar river basin district, spain
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd4ed5407c664e1088bfe63b903962d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT dianayaritzadoradoguerra integratedsurfacegroundwatermodellingofnitrateconcentrationinmediterraneanriversthejucarriverbasindistrictspain AT javierparedesarquiola integratedsurfacegroundwatermodellingofnitrateconcentrationinmediterraneanriversthejucarriverbasindistrictspain AT miguelangelperezmartin integratedsurfacegroundwatermodellingofnitrateconcentrationinmediterraneanriversthejucarriverbasindistrictspain AT haroldtafurhermann integratedsurfacegroundwatermodellingofnitrateconcentrationinmediterraneanriversthejucarriverbasindistrictspain
_version_	1718410369210253312

Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

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