Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.

Mechanics has an important role during morphogenesis, both in the generation of forces driving cell shape changes and in determining the effective material properties of cells and tissues. Drosophila dorsal closure has emerged as a reference model system for investigating the interplay between tissu...

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Autores principales:	Sabine C Fischer, Guy B Blanchard, Julia Duque, Richard J Adams, Alfonso Martinez Arias, Simon D Guest, Nicole Gorfinkiel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd51290138904f8b8b68734b4c3a8971
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd51290138904f8b8b68734b4c3a89712021-11-18T08:21:44ZContractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0095695https://doaj.org/article/dd51290138904f8b8b68734b4c3a89712014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24759936/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mechanics has an important role during morphogenesis, both in the generation of forces driving cell shape changes and in determining the effective material properties of cells and tissues. Drosophila dorsal closure has emerged as a reference model system for investigating the interplay between tissue mechanics and cellular activity. During dorsal closure, the amnioserosa generates one of the major forces that drive closure through the apical contraction of its constituent cells. We combined quantitation of live data, genetic and mechanical perturbation and cell biology, to investigate how mechanical properties and contraction rate emerge from cytoskeletal activity. We found that a decrease in Myosin phosphorylation induces a fluidization of amnioserosa cells which become more compliant. Conversely, an increase in Myosin phosphorylation and an increase in actin linear polymerization induce a solidification of cells. Contrary to expectation, these two perturbations have an opposite effect on the strain rate of cells during DC. While an increase in actin polymerization increases the contraction rate of amnioserosa cells, an increase in Myosin phosphorylation gives rise to cells that contract very slowly. The quantification of how the perturbation induced by laser ablation decays throughout the tissue revealed that the tissue in these two mutant backgrounds reacts very differently. We suggest that the differences in the strain rate of cells in situations where Myosin activity or actin polymerization is increased arise from changes in how the contractile forces are transmitted and coordinated across the tissue through ECadherin-mediated adhesion. Altogether, our results show that there is an optimal level of Myosin activity to generate efficient contraction and suggest that the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton and the dynamics of adhesion complexes are important parameters for the emergence of coordinated activity throughout the tissue.Sabine C FischerGuy B BlanchardJulia DuqueRichard J AdamsAlfonso Martinez AriasSimon D GuestNicole GorfinkielPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 4, p e95695 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sabine C Fischer Guy B Blanchard Julia Duque Richard J Adams Alfonso Martinez Arias Simon D Guest Nicole Gorfinkiel Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
description	Mechanics has an important role during morphogenesis, both in the generation of forces driving cell shape changes and in determining the effective material properties of cells and tissues. Drosophila dorsal closure has emerged as a reference model system for investigating the interplay between tissue mechanics and cellular activity. During dorsal closure, the amnioserosa generates one of the major forces that drive closure through the apical contraction of its constituent cells. We combined quantitation of live data, genetic and mechanical perturbation and cell biology, to investigate how mechanical properties and contraction rate emerge from cytoskeletal activity. We found that a decrease in Myosin phosphorylation induces a fluidization of amnioserosa cells which become more compliant. Conversely, an increase in Myosin phosphorylation and an increase in actin linear polymerization induce a solidification of cells. Contrary to expectation, these two perturbations have an opposite effect on the strain rate of cells during DC. While an increase in actin polymerization increases the contraction rate of amnioserosa cells, an increase in Myosin phosphorylation gives rise to cells that contract very slowly. The quantification of how the perturbation induced by laser ablation decays throughout the tissue revealed that the tissue in these two mutant backgrounds reacts very differently. We suggest that the differences in the strain rate of cells in situations where Myosin activity or actin polymerization is increased arise from changes in how the contractile forces are transmitted and coordinated across the tissue through ECadherin-mediated adhesion. Altogether, our results show that there is an optimal level of Myosin activity to generate efficient contraction and suggest that the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton and the dynamics of adhesion complexes are important parameters for the emergence of coordinated activity throughout the tissue.
format	article
author	Sabine C Fischer Guy B Blanchard Julia Duque Richard J Adams Alfonso Martinez Arias Simon D Guest Nicole Gorfinkiel
author_facet	Sabine C Fischer Guy B Blanchard Julia Duque Richard J Adams Alfonso Martinez Arias Simon D Guest Nicole Gorfinkiel
author_sort	Sabine C Fischer
title	Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
title_short	Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
title_full	Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
title_fullStr	Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
title_full_unstemmed	Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
title_sort	contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd51290138904f8b8b68734b4c3a8971
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Contractile and mechanical properties of epithelia with perturbed actomyosin dynamics.

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