Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport

The small-scale variability of fog over Paris-CdG airport was explored by using the twelve visibility measurements installed on runways. The variability inside this sub-kilometre area is significant for fog, whatever the studied fog characteristics. These results confirm that about 50% of fog is thi...

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Autores principales:	Renaud Lestringant, Thierry Bergot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fog spatial variability representativeness errors Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd6e2da1008a4a48ba6d3f757c009d8b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd6e2da1008a4a48ba6d3f757c009d8b2021-11-25T16:44:12ZAnalysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport10.3390/atmos121114062073-4433https://doaj.org/article/dd6e2da1008a4a48ba6d3f757c009d8b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1406https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433The small-scale variability of fog over Paris-CdG airport was explored by using the twelve visibility measurements installed on runways. The variability inside this sub-kilometre area is significant for fog, whatever the studied fog characteristics. These results confirm that about 50% of fog is thin and heterogeneous at the airport scale. This study indicated that one point of measurement may be far from the representativeness of sub-kilometre scale area and can create problems when used for verifying numerical models. The fog characteristics cannot be captured by a local measurement of visibility, and it is not possible to deduce fog extension at the local scale from a local measurement, even for low visibility such as for LVP cases (Low Visibility Procedures). This work demonstrated with a perfect forecast framework that a large dispersion of forecast scores could be obtained when using one observation at the local-scale due to representativeness errors of visibility measurements. This dispersion has the same order of magnitude as the current NWP forecast quality of fog. An attempt to quantify the scale heterogeneity of fog was made using the Gini index. This index has allowed highlighting the appearance of waves during the dissipation phase of fog.Renaud LestringantThierry BergotMDPI AGarticlefogspatial variabilityrepresentativeness errorsMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1406, p 1406 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fog spatial variability representativeness errors Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	fog spatial variability representativeness errors Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Renaud Lestringant Thierry Bergot Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
description	The small-scale variability of fog over Paris-CdG airport was explored by using the twelve visibility measurements installed on runways. The variability inside this sub-kilometre area is significant for fog, whatever the studied fog characteristics. These results confirm that about 50% of fog is thin and heterogeneous at the airport scale. This study indicated that one point of measurement may be far from the representativeness of sub-kilometre scale area and can create problems when used for verifying numerical models. The fog characteristics cannot be captured by a local measurement of visibility, and it is not possible to deduce fog extension at the local scale from a local measurement, even for low visibility such as for LVP cases (Low Visibility Procedures). This work demonstrated with a perfect forecast framework that a large dispersion of forecast scores could be obtained when using one observation at the local-scale due to representativeness errors of visibility measurements. This dispersion has the same order of magnitude as the current NWP forecast quality of fog. An attempt to quantify the scale heterogeneity of fog was made using the Gini index. This index has allowed highlighting the appearance of waves during the dissipation phase of fog.
format	article
author	Renaud Lestringant Thierry Bergot
author_facet	Renaud Lestringant Thierry Bergot
author_sort	Renaud Lestringant
title	Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
title_short	Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
title_full	Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
title_fullStr	Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
title_sort	analysis of small-scale spatial variability of fog at paris charles de gaulle airport
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd6e2da1008a4a48ba6d3f757c009d8b
work_keys_str_mv	AT renaudlestringant analysisofsmallscalespatialvariabilityoffogatparischarlesdegaulleairport AT thierrybergot analysisofsmallscalespatialvariabilityoffogatparischarlesdegaulleairport
_version_	1718413048052449280

Analysis of Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Fog at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport

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