A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis

This study compared 3 commonly used quenching agents for dechlorinating samples prior to disinfection byproduct (DBP) analysis under typical drinking water sampling conditions for a representative suite of chlorination byproducts. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite quenched the residual free chlorine...

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Autores principales:	Nathan Moore, Shelir Ebrahimi, Yanping Zhu, Chengjin Wang, Ron Hofmann, Susan Andrews
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	ammonium chloride ascorbic acid chlorine disinfection byproducts sodium sulfite Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd6e44ce615b46bca7f551825640ce52
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd6e44ce615b46bca7f551825640ce522021-11-06T07:19:09ZA comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis1606-97491607-079810.2166/ws.2021.059https://doaj.org/article/dd6e44ce615b46bca7f551825640ce522021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ws.iwaponline.com/content/21/5/2313https://doaj.org/toc/1606-9749https://doaj.org/toc/1607-0798This study compared 3 commonly used quenching agents for dechlorinating samples prior to disinfection byproduct (DBP) analysis under typical drinking water sampling conditions for a representative suite of chlorination byproducts. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite quenched the residual free chlorine to below detection within 5 seconds. Ammonium chloride did not quench the chlorine to below detection with up to a 70% molar excess, which agrees with published ammonium chloride-chlorine chemistry. With respect to the DBPs, ascorbic acid worked well for the trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, except for dibromoiodomethane, which exhibited 2.6–28% error when using ascorbic acid compared to non-quenched control samples. Sodium sulfite also worked well for the trihalomethanes (and performed similarly to ascorbic acid for dibromoiodomethane) and was the best performing quenching agent for MX and the inorganic DBPs, but contributed to the decay of several emerging DBPs, including several halonitromethanes and haloacetamides. Ammonium chloride led to considerable errors for many DBPs, including 27–31% errors in chloroform concentrations after 24 hours of storage. This work shows that ascorbic acid is suitable for many of the organic DBPs analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and that sodium sulfite may be used for simultaneous chlorite, chlorate, and bromate analysis. HIGHLIGHTS Low ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite doses quenched chlorine within 5 seconds.; Ascorbic acid had minimal effect on most of the organochlorine byproducts tested.; Sodium sulfite was the best-performing quenching agent for the inorganic byproducts.; Ammonium chloride led to errors for chloroform and several nitrogenous byproducts.;Nathan MooreShelir EbrahimiYanping ZhuChengjin WangRon HofmannSusan AndrewsIWA Publishingarticleammonium chlorideascorbic acidchlorinedisinfection byproductssodium sulfiteWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Supply, Vol 21, Iss 5, Pp 2313-2323 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ammonium chloride ascorbic acid chlorine disinfection byproducts sodium sulfite Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	ammonium chloride ascorbic acid chlorine disinfection byproducts sodium sulfite Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Nathan Moore Shelir Ebrahimi Yanping Zhu Chengjin Wang Ron Hofmann Susan Andrews A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
description	This study compared 3 commonly used quenching agents for dechlorinating samples prior to disinfection byproduct (DBP) analysis under typical drinking water sampling conditions for a representative suite of chlorination byproducts. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite quenched the residual free chlorine to below detection within 5 seconds. Ammonium chloride did not quench the chlorine to below detection with up to a 70% molar excess, which agrees with published ammonium chloride-chlorine chemistry. With respect to the DBPs, ascorbic acid worked well for the trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, except for dibromoiodomethane, which exhibited 2.6–28% error when using ascorbic acid compared to non-quenched control samples. Sodium sulfite also worked well for the trihalomethanes (and performed similarly to ascorbic acid for dibromoiodomethane) and was the best performing quenching agent for MX and the inorganic DBPs, but contributed to the decay of several emerging DBPs, including several halonitromethanes and haloacetamides. Ammonium chloride led to considerable errors for many DBPs, including 27–31% errors in chloroform concentrations after 24 hours of storage. This work shows that ascorbic acid is suitable for many of the organic DBPs analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and that sodium sulfite may be used for simultaneous chlorite, chlorate, and bromate analysis. HIGHLIGHTS Low ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite doses quenched chlorine within 5 seconds.; Ascorbic acid had minimal effect on most of the organochlorine byproducts tested.; Sodium sulfite was the best-performing quenching agent for the inorganic byproducts.; Ammonium chloride led to errors for chloroform and several nitrogenous byproducts.;
format	article
author	Nathan Moore Shelir Ebrahimi Yanping Zhu Chengjin Wang Ron Hofmann Susan Andrews
author_facet	Nathan Moore Shelir Ebrahimi Yanping Zhu Chengjin Wang Ron Hofmann Susan Andrews
author_sort	Nathan Moore
title	A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
title_short	A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
title_full	A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
title_fullStr	A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
title_full_unstemmed	A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
title_sort	comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd6e44ce615b46bca7f551825640ce52
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A comparison of sodium sulfite, ammonium chloride, and ascorbic acid for quenching chlorine prior to disinfection byproduct analysis

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