Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.

<h4>Background</h4>Loa loa and Mansonella perstans-the causative agents of loiasis and mansonellosis-are vector-borne filarial parasites co-endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis of both infections is usually established by microscopic analysis of blood samples. It was recently establi...

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Autores principales:	Johannes Mischlinger, Rella Zoleko Manego, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Dorothea Ekoka Mbassi, Nina Hackbarth, Franck-Aurelien Ekoka Mbassi, Saskia Dede Davi, Ruth Kreuzmair, Luzia Veletzky, Jennifer Hergeth, Wilfrid Nzebe Ndoumba, Paul Pitzinger, Mirjam Groger, Pierre Blaise Matsiegui, Ayôla Akim Adegnika, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Bertrand Lell, Michael Ramharter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd70a082cab741b8a95d9783b9591cc9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd70a082cab741b8a95d9783b9591cc92021-12-02T20:23:39ZDiagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009623https://doaj.org/article/dd70a082cab741b8a95d9783b9591cc92021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009623https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Loa loa and Mansonella perstans-the causative agents of loiasis and mansonellosis-are vector-borne filarial parasites co-endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis of both infections is usually established by microscopic analysis of blood samples. It was recently established that the odds for detecting Plasmodium spp. is higher in capillary (CAP) blood than in venous (VEN) blood. In analogy to this finding this analysis evaluates potential differences in microfilaraemia of L. loa and M. perstans in samples of CAP and VEN blood.<h4>Methods</h4>Recruitment took place between 2015 and 2019 at the CERMEL in Lambaréné, Gabon and its surrounding villages. Persons of all ages presenting to diagnostic services of the research center around noon were invited to participate in the study. A thick smear of each 10 microliters of CAP and VEN blood was prepared and analysed by a minimum of two independent microscopists. Differences of log2-transformed CAP and VEN microfilaraemia were computed and expressed as percentages. Furthermore, odds ratios for paired data were computed to quantify the odds to detect microfilariae in CAP blood versus in VEN blood.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 713 participants were recruited among whom 52% were below 30 years of age, 27% between 30-59 years of age and 21% above 60 years of age. Male-female ratio was 0.84. Among 152 participants with microscopically-confirmed L. loa infection median (IQR) microfilaraemia was 3,650 (275-11,100) per milliliter blood in CAP blood and 2,775 (200-8,875) in VEN blood (p<0.0001), while among 102 participants with M. perstans this was 100 (0-200) and 100 (0-200), respectively (p = 0.44). Differences in linear models amount up to an average of +34.5% (95% CI: +11.0 to +63.0) higher L. loa microfilaria quantity in CAP blood versus VEN blood and for M. perstans it was on average higher by +24.8% (95% CI: +0.0 to +60.5). Concordantly, the odds for detection of microfilaraemia in CAP samples versus VEN samples was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.65-2.34) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.0-2.68) for infections with L. loa and M. perstans, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This analysis indicates that average levels of microfilaraemia of L. loa are higher in CAP blood samples than in VEN blood samples. This might have implications for treatment algorithms of onchocerciasis and loiasis, in which exact quantification of L. loa microfilaraemia is of importance. Furthermore, the odds for detection of M. perstans microfilariae was higher in CAP than in VEN blood which may pre-dispose CAP blood for detection of M. perstans infection in large epidemiological studies when sampling of large blood quantities is not feasible. No solid evidence for a higher odds of L. loa microfilariae detection in CAP blood was revealed, which might be explained by generally high levels of L. loa microfilaraemia in CAP and VEN blood above the limit of detection of 100 microfilariae/ml. Yet, it cannot be excluded that the study was underpowered to detect a moderate difference.Johannes MischlingerRella Zoleko ManegoGhyslain Mombo-NgomaDorothea Ekoka MbassiNina HackbarthFranck-Aurelien Ekoka MbassiSaskia Dede DaviRuth KreuzmairLuzia VeletzkyJennifer HergethWilfrid Nzebe NdoumbaPaul PitzingerMirjam GrogerPierre Blaise MatsieguiAyôla Akim AdegnikaSelidji Todagbe AgnandjiBertrand LellMichael RamharterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009623 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Johannes Mischlinger Rella Zoleko Manego Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma Dorothea Ekoka Mbassi Nina Hackbarth Franck-Aurelien Ekoka Mbassi Saskia Dede Davi Ruth Kreuzmair Luzia Veletzky Jennifer Hergeth Wilfrid Nzebe Ndoumba Paul Pitzinger Mirjam Groger Pierre Blaise Matsiegui Ayôla Akim Adegnika Selidji Todagbe Agnandji Bertrand Lell Michael Ramharter Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Loa loa and Mansonella perstans-the causative agents of loiasis and mansonellosis-are vector-borne filarial parasites co-endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis of both infections is usually established by microscopic analysis of blood samples. It was recently established that the odds for detecting Plasmodium spp. is higher in capillary (CAP) blood than in venous (VEN) blood. In analogy to this finding this analysis evaluates potential differences in microfilaraemia of L. loa and M. perstans in samples of CAP and VEN blood.<h4>Methods</h4>Recruitment took place between 2015 and 2019 at the CERMEL in Lambaréné, Gabon and its surrounding villages. Persons of all ages presenting to diagnostic services of the research center around noon were invited to participate in the study. A thick smear of each 10 microliters of CAP and VEN blood was prepared and analysed by a minimum of two independent microscopists. Differences of log2-transformed CAP and VEN microfilaraemia were computed and expressed as percentages. Furthermore, odds ratios for paired data were computed to quantify the odds to detect microfilariae in CAP blood versus in VEN blood.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 713 participants were recruited among whom 52% were below 30 years of age, 27% between 30-59 years of age and 21% above 60 years of age. Male-female ratio was 0.84. Among 152 participants with microscopically-confirmed L. loa infection median (IQR) microfilaraemia was 3,650 (275-11,100) per milliliter blood in CAP blood and 2,775 (200-8,875) in VEN blood (p<0.0001), while among 102 participants with M. perstans this was 100 (0-200) and 100 (0-200), respectively (p = 0.44). Differences in linear models amount up to an average of +34.5% (95% CI: +11.0 to +63.0) higher L. loa microfilaria quantity in CAP blood versus VEN blood and for M. perstans it was on average higher by +24.8% (95% CI: +0.0 to +60.5). Concordantly, the odds for detection of microfilaraemia in CAP samples versus VEN samples was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.65-2.34) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.0-2.68) for infections with L. loa and M. perstans, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This analysis indicates that average levels of microfilaraemia of L. loa are higher in CAP blood samples than in VEN blood samples. This might have implications for treatment algorithms of onchocerciasis and loiasis, in which exact quantification of L. loa microfilaraemia is of importance. Furthermore, the odds for detection of M. perstans microfilariae was higher in CAP than in VEN blood which may pre-dispose CAP blood for detection of M. perstans infection in large epidemiological studies when sampling of large blood quantities is not feasible. No solid evidence for a higher odds of L. loa microfilariae detection in CAP blood was revealed, which might be explained by generally high levels of L. loa microfilaraemia in CAP and VEN blood above the limit of detection of 100 microfilariae/ml. Yet, it cannot be excluded that the study was underpowered to detect a moderate difference.
format	article
author	Johannes Mischlinger Rella Zoleko Manego Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma Dorothea Ekoka Mbassi Nina Hackbarth Franck-Aurelien Ekoka Mbassi Saskia Dede Davi Ruth Kreuzmair Luzia Veletzky Jennifer Hergeth Wilfrid Nzebe Ndoumba Paul Pitzinger Mirjam Groger Pierre Blaise Matsiegui Ayôla Akim Adegnika Selidji Todagbe Agnandji Bertrand Lell Michael Ramharter
author_facet	Johannes Mischlinger Rella Zoleko Manego Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma Dorothea Ekoka Mbassi Nina Hackbarth Franck-Aurelien Ekoka Mbassi Saskia Dede Davi Ruth Kreuzmair Luzia Veletzky Jennifer Hergeth Wilfrid Nzebe Ndoumba Paul Pitzinger Mirjam Groger Pierre Blaise Matsiegui Ayôla Akim Adegnika Selidji Todagbe Agnandji Bertrand Lell Michael Ramharter
author_sort	Johannes Mischlinger
title	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
title_short	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
title_full	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
title_fullStr	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
title_full_unstemmed	Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
title_sort	diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of loa loa and mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd70a082cab741b8a95d9783b9591cc9
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Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy.

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