Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers

Angiosperms have evolved to attract and/or deter specific pollinators. Flowers provide signals and cues such as scent, colour, size, pattern, and shape, which allow certain pollinators to more easily find and visit the same type of flower. Over evolutionary time, bees and angiosperms have co-evolved...

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Autores principales:	Scarlett R. Howard, Adrian G. Dyer, Jair E. Garcia, Martin Giurfa, David H. Reser, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Aurore Avarguès-Weber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	bottom-up processing configural processing pollinator spatial configuration top-down processing visual learning Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd790544e2df4673a818eee6c6dc0e8e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd790544e2df4673a818eee6c6dc0e8e2021-11-12T11:15:11ZNaïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers2296-701X10.3389/fevo.2021.662336https://doaj.org/article/dd790544e2df4673a818eee6c6dc0e8e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.662336/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XAngiosperms have evolved to attract and/or deter specific pollinators. Flowers provide signals and cues such as scent, colour, size, pattern, and shape, which allow certain pollinators to more easily find and visit the same type of flower. Over evolutionary time, bees and angiosperms have co-evolved resulting in flowers being more attractive to bee vision and preferences, and allowing bees to recognise specific flower traits to make decisions on where to forage. Here we tested whether bees are instinctively tuned to process flower shape by training both flower-experienced and flower-naïve honeybee foragers to discriminate between pictures of two different flower species when images were either normally configured flowers or flowers which were scrambled in terms of spatial configuration. We also tested whether increasing picture contrast, to make flower features more salient, would improve or impair performance. We used four flower conditions: (i) normally configured greyscale flower pictures, (ii) scrambled flower configurations, (iii) high contrast normally configured flowers, and (iv) asymmetrically scrambled flowers. While all flower pictures contained very similar spatial information, both experienced and naïve bees were better able to learn to discriminate between normally configured flowers than between any of the modified versions. Our results suggest that a specialisation in flower recognition in bees is due to a combination of hard-wired neural circuitry and experience-dependent factors.Scarlett R. HowardAdrian G. DyerAdrian G. DyerJair E. GarciaMartin GiurfaMartin GiurfaMartin GiurfaDavid H. ReserDavid H. ReserMarcello G. P. RosaAurore Avarguès-WeberFrontiers Media S.A.articlebottom-up processingconfigural processingpollinatorspatial configurationtop-down processingvisual learningEvolutionQH359-425EcologyQH540-549.5ENFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bottom-up processing configural processing pollinator spatial configuration top-down processing visual learning Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	bottom-up processing configural processing pollinator spatial configuration top-down processing visual learning Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5 Scarlett R. Howard Adrian G. Dyer Adrian G. Dyer Jair E. Garcia Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa David H. Reser David H. Reser Marcello G. P. Rosa Aurore Avarguès-Weber Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
description	Angiosperms have evolved to attract and/or deter specific pollinators. Flowers provide signals and cues such as scent, colour, size, pattern, and shape, which allow certain pollinators to more easily find and visit the same type of flower. Over evolutionary time, bees and angiosperms have co-evolved resulting in flowers being more attractive to bee vision and preferences, and allowing bees to recognise specific flower traits to make decisions on where to forage. Here we tested whether bees are instinctively tuned to process flower shape by training both flower-experienced and flower-naïve honeybee foragers to discriminate between pictures of two different flower species when images were either normally configured flowers or flowers which were scrambled in terms of spatial configuration. We also tested whether increasing picture contrast, to make flower features more salient, would improve or impair performance. We used four flower conditions: (i) normally configured greyscale flower pictures, (ii) scrambled flower configurations, (iii) high contrast normally configured flowers, and (iv) asymmetrically scrambled flowers. While all flower pictures contained very similar spatial information, both experienced and naïve bees were better able to learn to discriminate between normally configured flowers than between any of the modified versions. Our results suggest that a specialisation in flower recognition in bees is due to a combination of hard-wired neural circuitry and experience-dependent factors.
format	article
author	Scarlett R. Howard Adrian G. Dyer Adrian G. Dyer Jair E. Garcia Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa David H. Reser David H. Reser Marcello G. P. Rosa Aurore Avarguès-Weber
author_facet	Scarlett R. Howard Adrian G. Dyer Adrian G. Dyer Jair E. Garcia Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa Martin Giurfa David H. Reser David H. Reser Marcello G. P. Rosa Aurore Avarguès-Weber
author_sort	Scarlett R. Howard
title	Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
title_short	Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
title_full	Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
title_fullStr	Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
title_full_unstemmed	Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers
title_sort	naïve and experienced honeybee foragers learn normally configured flowers more easily than non-configured or highly contrasted flowers
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd790544e2df4673a818eee6c6dc0e8e
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Naïve and Experienced Honeybee Foragers Learn Normally Configured Flowers More Easily Than Non-configured or Highly Contrasted Flowers

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