The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity

The Sharma–Mittal holographic dark energy model is investigated in this paper using the Chern–Simons modified gravity theory. We investigate several cosmic parameters, including the deceleration, equation of state, square of sound speed, and energy density. According to the deceleration parameter, t...

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Autores principales:	Sarfraz Ali, Muhammad Hummad Waheed, Muhammad Imran Asjad, Khuram Ali Khan, Thanin Sitthiwirattham, Chanon Promsakon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Sharma–Mittal HDE model FRW universe Chern–Simons modified gravity Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/dd9250c1058f4a3a9079e7deb64335e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:dd9250c1058f4a3a9079e7deb64335e52021-11-25T19:09:41ZThe Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity10.3390/universe71104282218-1997https://doaj.org/article/dd9250c1058f4a3a9079e7deb64335e52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/11/428https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1997The Sharma–Mittal holographic dark energy model is investigated in this paper using the Chern–Simons modified gravity theory. We investigate several cosmic parameters, including the deceleration, equation of state, square of sound speed, and energy density. According to the deceleration parameter, the universe is in an decelerating and expanding phase known as de Sitter expansion. The Sharma–Mittal HDE model supports a deceleration to acceleration transition that is compatible with the observational data. The EoS depicts the universe’s dominance era through a number of components, such as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 1, which indicate that the universe is influenced by dust, radiation, and stiff fluid, while <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo><</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo><</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo><</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are conditions for quintessence DE, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>CDM, and Phantom era dominance. Our findings indicate that the universe is in an accelerated expansion phase, and this is similar to the observational data.Sarfraz AliMuhammad Hummad WaheedMuhammad Imran AsjadKhuram Ali KhanThanin SitthiwiratthamChanon PromsakonMDPI AGarticleSharma–Mittal HDE modelFRW universeChern–Simons modified gravityElementary particle physicsQC793-793.5ENUniverse, Vol 7, Iss 428, p 428 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sharma–Mittal HDE model FRW universe Chern–Simons modified gravity Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5
spellingShingle	Sharma–Mittal HDE model FRW universe Chern–Simons modified gravity Elementary particle physics QC793-793.5 Sarfraz Ali Muhammad Hummad Waheed Muhammad Imran Asjad Khuram Ali Khan Thanin Sitthiwirattham Chanon Promsakon The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
description	The Sharma–Mittal holographic dark energy model is investigated in this paper using the Chern–Simons modified gravity theory. We investigate several cosmic parameters, including the deceleration, equation of state, square of sound speed, and energy density. According to the deceleration parameter, the universe is in an decelerating and expanding phase known as de Sitter expansion. The Sharma–Mittal HDE model supports a deceleration to acceleration transition that is compatible with the observational data. The EoS depicts the universe’s dominance era through a number of components, such as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 1, which indicate that the universe is influenced by dust, radiation, and stiff fluid, while <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo><</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo><</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo><</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are conditions for quintessence DE, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>CDM, and Phantom era dominance. Our findings indicate that the universe is in an accelerated expansion phase, and this is similar to the observational data.
format	article
author	Sarfraz Ali Muhammad Hummad Waheed Muhammad Imran Asjad Khuram Ali Khan Thanin Sitthiwirattham Chanon Promsakon
author_facet	Sarfraz Ali Muhammad Hummad Waheed Muhammad Imran Asjad Khuram Ali Khan Thanin Sitthiwirattham Chanon Promsakon
author_sort	Sarfraz Ali
title	The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
title_short	The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
title_full	The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
title_fullStr	The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
title_full_unstemmed	The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity
title_sort	sharma–mittal model’s implications on frw universe in chern–simons gravity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/dd9250c1058f4a3a9079e7deb64335e5
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The Sharma–Mittal Model’s Implications on FRW Universe in Chern–Simons Gravity

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