Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study

Olufemi O Desalu,1 Adekunle O Adeoti,2 Olutobi B Ojuawo,1 Adeniyi O Aladesanmi,1 Micheal S Oguntoye,3 Oluwafemi J Afolayan,4 Matthew O Bojuwoye,1 Ademola E Fawibe1 1Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teachi...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Desalu OO, Adeoti AO, Ojuawo OB, Aladesanmi AO, Oguntoye MS, Afolayan OJ, Bojuwoye MO, Fawibe AE
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/dd9614dc7e3b4c699e9c28de11316960
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
id oai:doaj.org-article:dd9614dc7e3b4c699e9c28de11316960
record_format dspace
spelling oai:doaj.org-article:dd9614dc7e3b4c699e9c28de113169602021-11-11T18:22:26ZUrban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study1178-6965https://doaj.org/article/dd9614dc7e3b4c699e9c28de113169602021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/urbanrural-differences-in-the-epidemiology-of-asthma-and-allergies-in--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-6965Olufemi O Desalu,1 Adekunle O Adeoti,2 Olutobi B Ojuawo,1 Adeniyi O Aladesanmi,1 Micheal S Oguntoye,3 Oluwafemi J Afolayan,4 Matthew O Bojuwoye,1 Ademola E Fawibe1 1Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; 3Department of Epidemiology, Kwara State Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Nigeria; 4Department of Medicine, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, AustraliaCorrespondence: Olufemi O DesaluDepartment of Medicine, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin, Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, NigeriaEmail femuy1967@yahoo.co.ukPurpose: Urbanization is associated with the risk of developing allergic conditions. Few studies have evaluated the urban–rural disparity of allergic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.Objective: To compare the epidemiology of adult asthma and allergies in urban and rural Nigeria.Subjects and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was performed among 910 subjects in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, comprising 635 urban and 275 rural adults who were randomly selected. We used standardized questionnaires for data collection.Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of adults reporting a previous “asthma attack” or “currently taking asthma medication” within the preceding 12 months (ECRHS asthma definition) was 3.4% urban, 0.5% rural, current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (26.2% urban, 22.2% rural), and current skin allergy (13.9% urban, 10.5% rural). The age-adjusted prevalence of “physician-diagnosed allergic conditions”: asthma (3.3% urban, 1.5% rural), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (4.9% urban, 3.2% rural), and skin allergy (4.8% urban, 4.6% rural) were higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Urban areas recorded a higher age-adjusted 12 months prevalence of wheezing, night waking by breathlessness, night waking by chest tightness, asthma attack (p=0.042), and current use of asthma medication (p=0.031) than the rural areas. In the urban areas, 81% of those with asthma significantly had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and 40.5% had current skin allergy, whereas in the rural areas, all subjects with asthma had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 12.5% had current skin allergy (p=0.482). The most common trigger for asthma attack/respiratory symptoms among the urban household was exposure to environmental smoke (17.2%), and among the rural household, it was dust exposure (18.2%). Living in urban areas significantly increased the odds of having asthma [aOR: 5.6 (95% CI:1.6– 19.6)] and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis [aOR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2– 2.4)].Conclusion: This study shows that urban residents frequently reported more allergic and respiratory symptoms and were at risk of having asthma and allergic rhinitis compared to rural residents. The findings would assist the physicians in understanding the urban–rural differences in the occurrence of allergic conditions, symptom triggers, and comorbidity, which are relevant in patient’s clinical evaluation, treatment, and disease prevention.Keywords: urbanization, rural areas, asthma epidemiology, allergy, NigeriaDesalu OOAdeoti AOOjuawo OBAladesanmi AOOguntoye MSAfolayan OJBojuwoye MOFawibe AEDove Medical Pressarticleurbanizationrural areasasthma epidemiologyallergynigeriaImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENJournal of Asthma and Allergy, Vol Volume 14, Pp 1389-1397 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic urbanization
rural areas
asthma epidemiology
allergy
nigeria
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
spellingShingle urbanization
rural areas
asthma epidemiology
allergy
nigeria
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
RC581-607
Desalu OO
Adeoti AO
Ojuawo OB
Aladesanmi AO
Oguntoye MS
Afolayan OJ
Bojuwoye MO
Fawibe AE
Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
description Olufemi O Desalu,1 Adekunle O Adeoti,2 Olutobi B Ojuawo,1 Adeniyi O Aladesanmi,1 Micheal S Oguntoye,3 Oluwafemi J Afolayan,4 Matthew O Bojuwoye,1 Ademola E Fawibe1 1Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; 3Department of Epidemiology, Kwara State Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Nigeria; 4Department of Medicine, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, AustraliaCorrespondence: Olufemi O DesaluDepartment of Medicine, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin, Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, NigeriaEmail femuy1967@yahoo.co.ukPurpose: Urbanization is associated with the risk of developing allergic conditions. Few studies have evaluated the urban–rural disparity of allergic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.Objective: To compare the epidemiology of adult asthma and allergies in urban and rural Nigeria.Subjects and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was performed among 910 subjects in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, comprising 635 urban and 275 rural adults who were randomly selected. We used standardized questionnaires for data collection.Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of adults reporting a previous “asthma attack” or “currently taking asthma medication” within the preceding 12 months (ECRHS asthma definition) was 3.4% urban, 0.5% rural, current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (26.2% urban, 22.2% rural), and current skin allergy (13.9% urban, 10.5% rural). The age-adjusted prevalence of “physician-diagnosed allergic conditions”: asthma (3.3% urban, 1.5% rural), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (4.9% urban, 3.2% rural), and skin allergy (4.8% urban, 4.6% rural) were higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Urban areas recorded a higher age-adjusted 12 months prevalence of wheezing, night waking by breathlessness, night waking by chest tightness, asthma attack (p=0.042), and current use of asthma medication (p=0.031) than the rural areas. In the urban areas, 81% of those with asthma significantly had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and 40.5% had current skin allergy, whereas in the rural areas, all subjects with asthma had current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 12.5% had current skin allergy (p=0.482). The most common trigger for asthma attack/respiratory symptoms among the urban household was exposure to environmental smoke (17.2%), and among the rural household, it was dust exposure (18.2%). Living in urban areas significantly increased the odds of having asthma [aOR: 5.6 (95% CI:1.6– 19.6)] and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis [aOR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2– 2.4)].Conclusion: This study shows that urban residents frequently reported more allergic and respiratory symptoms and were at risk of having asthma and allergic rhinitis compared to rural residents. The findings would assist the physicians in understanding the urban–rural differences in the occurrence of allergic conditions, symptom triggers, and comorbidity, which are relevant in patient’s clinical evaluation, treatment, and disease prevention.Keywords: urbanization, rural areas, asthma epidemiology, allergy, Nigeria
format article
author Desalu OO
Adeoti AO
Ojuawo OB
Aladesanmi AO
Oguntoye MS
Afolayan OJ
Bojuwoye MO
Fawibe AE
author_facet Desalu OO
Adeoti AO
Ojuawo OB
Aladesanmi AO
Oguntoye MS
Afolayan OJ
Bojuwoye MO
Fawibe AE
author_sort Desalu OO
title Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
title_short Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
title_full Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
title_fullStr Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Urban–Rural Differences in the Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergies in Nigeria: A Population-Based Study
title_sort urban–rural differences in the epidemiology of asthma and allergies in nigeria: a population-based study
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/dd9614dc7e3b4c699e9c28de11316960
work_keys_str_mv AT desaluoo urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT adeotiao urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT ojuawoob urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT aladesanmiao urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT oguntoyems urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT afolayanoj urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT bojuwoyemo urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
AT fawibeae urbanndashruraldifferencesintheepidemiologyofasthmaandallergiesinnigeriaapopulationbasedstudy
_version_ 1718431854873280512