Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors

ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition strongly associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection. S. aureus strains shift in populations in ~10-year intervals depending on virulence factors. Shifts in S. aureus virulence factors may in part explain the raci...

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Autores principales:	Joseph A. Merriman, Elizabeth A. Mueller, Michael P. Cahill, Lisa A. Beck, Amy S. Paller, Jon M. Hanifin, Peck Y. Ong, Lynda Schneider, Denise C. Babineau, Gloria David, Alexandre Lockhart, Keli Artis, Donald Y. M. Leung, Patrick M. Schlievert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	atopic dermatitis clonal groups phenotype race Staphylococcus aureus superantigens Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ddbc7e8f76974b67a73cc7df517e4788
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ddbc7e8f76974b67a73cc7df517e47882021-11-15T15:22:03ZTemporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors10.1128/mSphere.00295-162379-5042https://doaj.org/article/ddbc7e8f76974b67a73cc7df517e47882016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00295-16https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition strongly associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection. S. aureus strains shift in populations in ~10-year intervals depending on virulence factors. Shifts in S. aureus virulence factors may in part explain the racial differences observed in the levels of prevalence and severity of AD. AD S. aureus isolates collected from 2011 to 2014 (103 isolates) and in 2008 (100 isolates) were examined for the prevalence of genes encoding superantigens (SAgs). The strains from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from AD patients as a part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Atopic Dermatitis Research Network (ADRN). The prevalence of SAg genes was investigated temporally and racially. The enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC) was more prevalent in the 2011–2014 AD isolates than in the 2008 AD isolates. The prevalences of virulence factor genes were similar in European American (EA) and Mexican American (MA) patients but differed in 6 of 22 SAg genes between EA and African American (AA) or MA and AA isolates; notably, AA isolates lacked tstH, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). The presence of tstH and sel-p (enterotoxin-like P) was associated with decreased clinical severity and increased blood eosinophils, respectively. The EGC is becoming more prevalent, consistent with the previously observed 10 years of cycling of S. aureus strains. Race-specific S. aureus selection may account for differences in virulence factor profiles. The lack of TSST-1-positive (TSST-1+) AD S. aureus in AA is consistent with the lack of AAs acquiring TSST-1-associated menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). IMPORTANCE Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) S. aureus isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.Joseph A. MerrimanElizabeth A. MuellerMichael P. CahillLisa A. BeckAmy S. PallerJon M. HanifinPeck Y. OngLynda SchneiderDenise C. BabineauGloria DavidAlexandre LockhartKeli ArtisDonald Y. M. LeungPatrick M. SchlievertAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleatopic dermatitisclonal groupsphenotyperaceStaphylococcus aureussuperantigensMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 1, Iss 6 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	atopic dermatitis clonal groups phenotype race Staphylococcus aureus superantigens Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	atopic dermatitis clonal groups phenotype race Staphylococcus aureus superantigens Microbiology QR1-502 Joseph A. Merriman Elizabeth A. Mueller Michael P. Cahill Lisa A. Beck Amy S. Paller Jon M. Hanifin Peck Y. Ong Lynda Schneider Denise C. Babineau Gloria David Alexandre Lockhart Keli Artis Donald Y. M. Leung Patrick M. Schlievert Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
description	ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition strongly associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection. S. aureus strains shift in populations in ~10-year intervals depending on virulence factors. Shifts in S. aureus virulence factors may in part explain the racial differences observed in the levels of prevalence and severity of AD. AD S. aureus isolates collected from 2011 to 2014 (103 isolates) and in 2008 (100 isolates) were examined for the prevalence of genes encoding superantigens (SAgs). The strains from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from AD patients as a part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Atopic Dermatitis Research Network (ADRN). The prevalence of SAg genes was investigated temporally and racially. The enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC) was more prevalent in the 2011–2014 AD isolates than in the 2008 AD isolates. The prevalences of virulence factor genes were similar in European American (EA) and Mexican American (MA) patients but differed in 6 of 22 SAg genes between EA and African American (AA) or MA and AA isolates; notably, AA isolates lacked tstH, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). The presence of tstH and sel-p (enterotoxin-like P) was associated with decreased clinical severity and increased blood eosinophils, respectively. The EGC is becoming more prevalent, consistent with the previously observed 10 years of cycling of S. aureus strains. Race-specific S. aureus selection may account for differences in virulence factor profiles. The lack of TSST-1-positive (TSST-1+) AD S. aureus in AA is consistent with the lack of AAs acquiring TSST-1-associated menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). IMPORTANCE Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) S. aureus isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.
format	article
author	Joseph A. Merriman Elizabeth A. Mueller Michael P. Cahill Lisa A. Beck Amy S. Paller Jon M. Hanifin Peck Y. Ong Lynda Schneider Denise C. Babineau Gloria David Alexandre Lockhart Keli Artis Donald Y. M. Leung Patrick M. Schlievert
author_facet	Joseph A. Merriman Elizabeth A. Mueller Michael P. Cahill Lisa A. Beck Amy S. Paller Jon M. Hanifin Peck Y. Ong Lynda Schneider Denise C. Babineau Gloria David Alexandre Lockhart Keli Artis Donald Y. M. Leung Patrick M. Schlievert
author_sort	Joseph A. Merriman
title	Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
title_short	Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
title_full	Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
title_fullStr	Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
title_full_unstemmed	Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors
title_sort	temporal and racial differences associated with atopic dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and encoded virulence factors
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/ddbc7e8f76974b67a73cc7df517e4788
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Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> and Encoded Virulence Factors

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