An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks

In Opportunistic Networks (OppNets), mobility of and contact between nodes are explored to create communication opportunities and exchange messages and information. A basic premise for a better performance of these networks is a collaboration of the nodes during communication. However, due to energy...

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Autores principales:	Gilmara Santos, Diogo Soares, Celso Carvalho, Edjair Mota
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	opportunistic networks energy-saving clustering Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ddbee3f6b3454eb68defa7737cb65dd4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ddbee3f6b3454eb68defa7737cb65dd42021-11-25T18:56:20ZAn Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks10.3390/s212274271424-8220https://doaj.org/article/ddbee3f6b3454eb68defa7737cb65dd42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7427https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220In Opportunistic Networks (OppNets), mobility of and contact between nodes are explored to create communication opportunities and exchange messages and information. A basic premise for a better performance of these networks is a collaboration of the nodes during communication. However, due to energy restriction factors, nodes may eventually fail to collaborate with message exchanges. In this work, we propose a routing mechanism called <i>e</i>GPDMI to improve message probability of delivery while optimizing nodes’ energy consumption. Unlike other algorithms proposed in OppNets literature, <i>e</i>GPDMI groups nodes by energy level and nodes interests using clustering techniques. Our major assumption is that retaining messages in nodes with the highest energy levels can improve network performance, thus overcoming the problem of nodes’ disconnection due to unwillingness to cooperate due to low energy values. Through questionnaire application and factorial design experiments, we characterize the impacts of energy levels in OppNets. Further, we apply performance evaluation of the <i>e</i>GPDMI mechanism in terms of effectiveness using mobility from real-world scenarios. The results show that our mechanism effectively reduces the degradation of the probability of delivery when the minimum energy level used for nodes to cooperate with communication increases.Gilmara SantosDiogo SoaresCelso CarvalhoEdjair MotaMDPI AGarticleopportunistic networksenergy-savingclusteringChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7427, p 7427 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	opportunistic networks energy-saving clustering Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	opportunistic networks energy-saving clustering Chemical technology TP1-1185 Gilmara Santos Diogo Soares Celso Carvalho Edjair Mota An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
description	In Opportunistic Networks (OppNets), mobility of and contact between nodes are explored to create communication opportunities and exchange messages and information. A basic premise for a better performance of these networks is a collaboration of the nodes during communication. However, due to energy restriction factors, nodes may eventually fail to collaborate with message exchanges. In this work, we propose a routing mechanism called <i>e</i>GPDMI to improve message probability of delivery while optimizing nodes’ energy consumption. Unlike other algorithms proposed in OppNets literature, <i>e</i>GPDMI groups nodes by energy level and nodes interests using clustering techniques. Our major assumption is that retaining messages in nodes with the highest energy levels can improve network performance, thus overcoming the problem of nodes’ disconnection due to unwillingness to cooperate due to low energy values. Through questionnaire application and factorial design experiments, we characterize the impacts of energy levels in OppNets. Further, we apply performance evaluation of the <i>e</i>GPDMI mechanism in terms of effectiveness using mobility from real-world scenarios. The results show that our mechanism effectively reduces the degradation of the probability of delivery when the minimum energy level used for nodes to cooperate with communication increases.
format	article
author	Gilmara Santos Diogo Soares Celso Carvalho Edjair Mota
author_facet	Gilmara Santos Diogo Soares Celso Carvalho Edjair Mota
author_sort	Gilmara Santos
title	An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
title_short	An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
title_full	An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
title_fullStr	An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
title_full_unstemmed	An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks
title_sort	energy-saving forwarding mechanism based on clustering for opportunistic networks
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ddbee3f6b3454eb68defa7737cb65dd4
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An Energy-Saving Forwarding Mechanism Based on Clustering for Opportunistic Networks

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