Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans e...

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Autores principales:	Julie Sherman, Steve Unwin, Dominic A. Travis, Felicity Oram, Serge A. Wich, Ricko L. Jaya, Maria Voigt, Truly Santika, Emily Massingham, Dave J. I. Seaman, Erik Meijaard, Marc Ancrenaz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	translocation reintroduction reinforcement COVID-19 orangutan conservation Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/de0a699e2a844fd2896dafc1e6f7fa48
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:de0a699e2a844fd2896dafc1e6f7fa482021-11-12T05:33:59ZDisease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.749547https://doaj.org/article/de0a699e2a844fd2896dafc1e6f7fa482021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.749547/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans in situ.Julie ShermanSteve UnwinDominic A. TravisFelicity OramSerge A. WichRicko L. JayaMaria VoigtTruly SantikaEmily MassinghamDave J. I. SeamanErik MeijaardErik MeijaardErik MeijaardMarc AncrenazMarc AncrenazMarc AncrenazFrontiers Media S.A.articletranslocationreintroductionreinforcementCOVID-19orangutanconservationVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	translocation reintroduction reinforcement COVID-19 orangutan conservation Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	translocation reintroduction reinforcement COVID-19 orangutan conservation Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Julie Sherman Steve Unwin Dominic A. Travis Felicity Oram Serge A. Wich Ricko L. Jaya Maria Voigt Truly Santika Emily Massingham Dave J. I. Seaman Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
description	Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans in situ.
format	article
author	Julie Sherman Steve Unwin Dominic A. Travis Felicity Oram Serge A. Wich Ricko L. Jaya Maria Voigt Truly Santika Emily Massingham Dave J. I. Seaman Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz
author_facet	Julie Sherman Steve Unwin Dominic A. Travis Felicity Oram Serge A. Wich Ricko L. Jaya Maria Voigt Truly Santika Emily Massingham Dave J. I. Seaman Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Erik Meijaard Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz Marc Ancrenaz
author_sort	Julie Sherman
title	Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
title_short	Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
title_full	Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
title_fullStr	Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
title_full_unstemmed	Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations
title_sort	disease risk and conservation implications of orangutan translocations
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/de0a699e2a844fd2896dafc1e6f7fa48
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Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

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