Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats

Abstract How evolution creates and maintains trait patterns in species-rich communities is still an unsolved topic in evolutionary ecology. One classical example of community-level pattern is the unexpected coexistence of different mimicry rings, each of which is a group of mimetic species with the...

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Autores principales:	Irina Birskis-Barros, André V. L. Freitas, Paulo R. Guimarães
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/de177dda3f9c46c6b7cf967ecefe5f6d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:de177dda3f9c46c6b7cf967ecefe5f6d2021-12-02T11:37:26ZHabitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats10.1038/s41598-021-83867-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/de177dda3f9c46c6b7cf967ecefe5f6d2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83867-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract How evolution creates and maintains trait patterns in species-rich communities is still an unsolved topic in evolutionary ecology. One classical example of community-level pattern is the unexpected coexistence of different mimicry rings, each of which is a group of mimetic species with the same warning signal. The coexistence of different mimicry rings in a community seems paradoxical because selection among unpalatable species should favor convergence to a single warning pattern. We combined mathematical modeling based on network theory and numerical simulations to explore how different types of selection, such as mimetic and environmental selections, and habitat use by mimetic species influence the formation of coexisting rings. We show that when habitat and mimicry are strong sources of selection, the formation of multiple rings takes longer due to conflicting selective pressures. Moreover, habitat generalist species decrease the distinctiveness of different mimicry rings’ patterns and a few habitat generalist species can generate a “small-world effect”, preventing the formation of multiple mimicry rings. These results may explain why the coexistence of mimicry rings is more common in groups of animals that tend towards habitat specialism, such as butterflies.Irina Birskis-BarrosAndré V. L. FreitasPaulo R. GuimarãesNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Irina Birskis-Barros André V. L. Freitas Paulo R. Guimarães Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
description	Abstract How evolution creates and maintains trait patterns in species-rich communities is still an unsolved topic in evolutionary ecology. One classical example of community-level pattern is the unexpected coexistence of different mimicry rings, each of which is a group of mimetic species with the same warning signal. The coexistence of different mimicry rings in a community seems paradoxical because selection among unpalatable species should favor convergence to a single warning pattern. We combined mathematical modeling based on network theory and numerical simulations to explore how different types of selection, such as mimetic and environmental selections, and habitat use by mimetic species influence the formation of coexisting rings. We show that when habitat and mimicry are strong sources of selection, the formation of multiple rings takes longer due to conflicting selective pressures. Moreover, habitat generalist species decrease the distinctiveness of different mimicry rings’ patterns and a few habitat generalist species can generate a “small-world effect”, preventing the formation of multiple mimicry rings. These results may explain why the coexistence of mimicry rings is more common in groups of animals that tend towards habitat specialism, such as butterflies.
format	article
author	Irina Birskis-Barros André V. L. Freitas Paulo R. Guimarães
author_facet	Irina Birskis-Barros André V. L. Freitas Paulo R. Guimarães
author_sort	Irina Birskis-Barros
title	Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
title_short	Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
title_full	Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
title_fullStr	Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
title_full_unstemmed	Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
title_sort	habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/de177dda3f9c46c6b7cf967ecefe5f6d
work_keys_str_mv	AT irinabirskisbarros habitatgeneralistspeciesconstrainthediversityofmimicryringsinheterogeneoushabitats AT andrevlfreitas habitatgeneralistspeciesconstrainthediversityofmimicryringsinheterogeneoushabitats AT paulorguimaraes habitatgeneralistspeciesconstrainthediversityofmimicryringsinheterogeneoushabitats
_version_	1718395793153458176

Habitat generalist species constrain the diversity of mimicry rings in heterogeneous habitats

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