Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis

Though urban land covers only around 0.5% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, urbanization often leads to significant changes in land use and land cover. However, knowledge on the ecological and social outcomes of urbanization is largely fragmented across a multitude of local-level studies. We...

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Autores principales:	Pramila Thapa, Mario Torralba, Andreas Buerkert, Christoph Dittrich, Tobias Plieninger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Resilience Alliance 2021
Materias:	agriculture evidence synthesis social-ecological systems sustainable urbanization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/de6839798f444a69b54158fa89f3918e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:de6839798f444a69b54158fa89f3918e2021-11-15T16:40:20ZEcological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis1708-308710.5751/ES-12579-260324https://doaj.org/article/de6839798f444a69b54158fa89f3918e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss3/art24/https://doaj.org/toc/1708-3087Though urban land covers only around 0.5% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, urbanization often leads to significant changes in land use and land cover. However, knowledge on the ecological and social outcomes of urbanization is largely fragmented across a multitude of local-level studies. We synthesized the outcomes of urbanization on 15 ecological and social variables associated with regional farming systems, namely water quality, agro-biodiversity, carbon sequestration, control of invasive species, soil fertility, control of soil erosion, pollination, cultural identity, food security, income and employment, demographic stability, conflict mitigation, social network, health and education, and equity. From 246 cases, positive, negative, and non-conclusive urbanization outcomes were extracted. Additionally, distributions of these outcomes by continent, population size of towns/cities, national per-capita GDP, and dominant farming systems were assessed. As a result, more negative than positive outcomes were found. Although ecological outcomes were largely negative, social ones were mostly positive. Threats to water quality, demographic stability, and cultural identity arose as particularly pressing issues. The ecological outcomes related to pollination were largely positive but all other ecological variables reported higher negative outcomes. The social outcomes related to the economic viability of farming and employment were largely positive, whereas those related to cultural and equity aspects were predominantly negative. The ecological outcomes were frequently negative in the Global South, medium-large cities, poor countries, and for livestock or fishery systems. The social outcomes were more frequently negative in the Americas, highly populated cities and megacities, wealthy countries, and for livestock and fishery systems. The threats and opportunities of rural-urban transformations in different dimensions and contexts of farming systems should be considered in any urban planning strategy.Pramila ThapaMario TorralbaAndreas BuerkertChristoph DittrichTobias PlieningerResilience Alliancearticleagricultureevidence synthesissocial-ecological systemssustainable urbanizationBiology (General)QH301-705.5EcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Society, Vol 26, Iss 3, p 24 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agriculture evidence synthesis social-ecological systems sustainable urbanization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	agriculture evidence synthesis social-ecological systems sustainable urbanization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ecology QH540-549.5 Pramila Thapa Mario Torralba Andreas Buerkert Christoph Dittrich Tobias Plieninger Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
description	Though urban land covers only around 0.5% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, urbanization often leads to significant changes in land use and land cover. However, knowledge on the ecological and social outcomes of urbanization is largely fragmented across a multitude of local-level studies. We synthesized the outcomes of urbanization on 15 ecological and social variables associated with regional farming systems, namely water quality, agro-biodiversity, carbon sequestration, control of invasive species, soil fertility, control of soil erosion, pollination, cultural identity, food security, income and employment, demographic stability, conflict mitigation, social network, health and education, and equity. From 246 cases, positive, negative, and non-conclusive urbanization outcomes were extracted. Additionally, distributions of these outcomes by continent, population size of towns/cities, national per-capita GDP, and dominant farming systems were assessed. As a result, more negative than positive outcomes were found. Although ecological outcomes were largely negative, social ones were mostly positive. Threats to water quality, demographic stability, and cultural identity arose as particularly pressing issues. The ecological outcomes related to pollination were largely positive but all other ecological variables reported higher negative outcomes. The social outcomes related to the economic viability of farming and employment were largely positive, whereas those related to cultural and equity aspects were predominantly negative. The ecological outcomes were frequently negative in the Global South, medium-large cities, poor countries, and for livestock or fishery systems. The social outcomes were more frequently negative in the Americas, highly populated cities and megacities, wealthy countries, and for livestock and fishery systems. The threats and opportunities of rural-urban transformations in different dimensions and contexts of farming systems should be considered in any urban planning strategy.
format	article
author	Pramila Thapa Mario Torralba Andreas Buerkert Christoph Dittrich Tobias Plieninger
author_facet	Pramila Thapa Mario Torralba Andreas Buerkert Christoph Dittrich Tobias Plieninger
author_sort	Pramila Thapa
title	Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
title_short	Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
title_full	Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
title_fullStr	Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
title_sort	ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
publisher	Resilience Alliance
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/de6839798f444a69b54158fa89f3918e
work_keys_str_mv	AT pramilathapa ecologicalandsocialoutcomesofurbanizationonregionalfarmingsystemsaglobalsynthesis AT mariotorralba ecologicalandsocialoutcomesofurbanizationonregionalfarmingsystemsaglobalsynthesis AT andreasbuerkert ecologicalandsocialoutcomesofurbanizationonregionalfarmingsystemsaglobalsynthesis AT christophdittrich ecologicalandsocialoutcomesofurbanizationonregionalfarmingsystemsaglobalsynthesis AT tobiasplieninger ecologicalandsocialoutcomesofurbanizationonregionalfarmingsystemsaglobalsynthesis
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Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis

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