Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination

Abstract The capture and re-use of greenhouse fertigation water is an efficient use of fertilizer and limited water resources, although the practice is not without risk. Plant pathogens and chemical contaminants can build up over successive capture and re-use cycles; if not properly managed they can...

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Autores principales:	Serge Lévesque, Thomas Graham, Dorin Bejan, Jamie Lawson, Ping Zhang, Mike Dixon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/de69088643934cc09eba05702482fefb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:de69088643934cc09eba05702482fefb2021-12-02T15:09:21ZInactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination10.1038/s41598-019-50600-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/de69088643934cc09eba05702482fefb2019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50600-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The capture and re-use of greenhouse fertigation water is an efficient use of fertilizer and limited water resources, although the practice is not without risk. Plant pathogens and chemical contaminants can build up over successive capture and re-use cycles; if not properly managed they can lead to reduced productivity or crop loss. There are numerous established and emerging water treatment technologies available to treat fertigation water. Electrochemical processes are emerging as effective means for controlling pathogens via in situ regenerative hypochlorination; a process that is demonstrated here to achieve pathogen control in fertigation solutions without leading to the accumulation of potentially phytotoxic free chlorine residuals associated with other chlorination processes. An electrochemical flow cell (EFC) outfitted with ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) was characterized and evaluated for free chlorine production and Rhizoctonia solani inactivation in both irrigation and fertigation solutions. Pathogen inactivation was achieved at low current densities and short residence or cell contact times. Effluent free chlorine concentrations were significantly lower than commonly reported phytotoxic threshold values (approximately 2.5 mg/L) when fertilizer (containing ammonium) was present in the test solution; an effect attributable to reactions associated with breakpoint chlorination, including chloramine formation, as well as the presence of other oxidizable compounds in the fertilizer. Chloride concentrations were stable under the test conditions suggesting that the EFC was operating as a regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination system. No significant changes to macronutrient concentrations were found following passage through the EFC.Serge LévesqueThomas GrahamDorin BejanJamie LawsonPing ZhangMike DixonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Serge Lévesque Thomas Graham Dorin Bejan Jamie Lawson Ping Zhang Mike Dixon Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
description	Abstract The capture and re-use of greenhouse fertigation water is an efficient use of fertilizer and limited water resources, although the practice is not without risk. Plant pathogens and chemical contaminants can build up over successive capture and re-use cycles; if not properly managed they can lead to reduced productivity or crop loss. There are numerous established and emerging water treatment technologies available to treat fertigation water. Electrochemical processes are emerging as effective means for controlling pathogens via in situ regenerative hypochlorination; a process that is demonstrated here to achieve pathogen control in fertigation solutions without leading to the accumulation of potentially phytotoxic free chlorine residuals associated with other chlorination processes. An electrochemical flow cell (EFC) outfitted with ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) was characterized and evaluated for free chlorine production and Rhizoctonia solani inactivation in both irrigation and fertigation solutions. Pathogen inactivation was achieved at low current densities and short residence or cell contact times. Effluent free chlorine concentrations were significantly lower than commonly reported phytotoxic threshold values (approximately 2.5 mg/L) when fertilizer (containing ammonium) was present in the test solution; an effect attributable to reactions associated with breakpoint chlorination, including chloramine formation, as well as the presence of other oxidizable compounds in the fertilizer. Chloride concentrations were stable under the test conditions suggesting that the EFC was operating as a regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination system. No significant changes to macronutrient concentrations were found following passage through the EFC.
format	article
author	Serge Lévesque Thomas Graham Dorin Bejan Jamie Lawson Ping Zhang Mike Dixon
author_facet	Serge Lévesque Thomas Graham Dorin Bejan Jamie Lawson Ping Zhang Mike Dixon
author_sort	Serge Lévesque
title	Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
title_short	Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
title_full	Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
title_fullStr	Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
title_full_unstemmed	Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
title_sort	inactivation of rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/de69088643934cc09eba05702482fefb
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Inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation water using regenerative in situ electrochemical hypochlorination

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